Social Influences on Behavior free essay sample

An 1800’s novelist; Herman Merville wrote â€Å"We cannot live for ourselves alone, for our lives are connected by a thousand invisible threads†. A social psychologist studies how the human behavior changes based on social situations. They closely analyze how people respond to the unexpected situations. As social beings we do this type of anyalizing everyday; questioning another persons actions, was that man flirting with me, did that woman just give me a dirty look? This essay will outline the basic concepts of the social influences on human behavior. People tend to follow the lead of others, if one person in a group stares out the window, soon others will follow this lead, or if there is one person yawning, laughing or even coughing, soon others will copy these actions. A bartender will put money in his own tip cup in order for it to appear that others have already tipped him, this â€Å"seed† money will elicite others to conform to giving a tip. Conformity is when we change our actions, thinking and behavior to match a group or individual. People comply for various reasons, such as to avoid rejection, to be accepted, or even to keep a job or social status. This type of behavior would be called normative social influences or the â€Å"social norm† expected normal social reactions and or behaviors directed by social influences. A person that refuses to conform to the social norms could face serious altercations, for example Rosa Parks a tired African American woman riding the bus refuses to give her seat to a white man. During that era this was unheard of and she was arrested and fined, ultimatly her actions gained followers and the Cival Rights Movement began. However, if it haden’t been for her brave actions to go against the social norm, society may have progressed in a much different direction. One person’s actions or behavior can have a tremendous impact on an entire culture or society as a whole. Another reason that people may conform is to learn, when working in a group if a person offers reasonable insight as to why something should be changed we may decided to conform to the change as we have accepted their information as being valuble. This type of informational social ifluences allow us to make intelligent choices to change our behavior based on social Influences. A great example is the amount of people that have stopped smoking. We were educated of the dangers associated with tobacco, and people wanted changes to be made after being educated, the changes in smoking has made our society as a whole healthier. Social influences can produce either constructive or destructive behaviors in people. A group of six teenagers are walking around the mall and two of them decide they are going to steal, and the otheer four comply because they want to be accepted and they are caught. This type of submissive conformity can be destructive. Visser believes that many traditions are as ancient as humanity and in many ways the foundation of our socially acceptable behaviors. An example are proper table manners are basically universal regardless of the culture the similarities are world wide. Laws are also a way in which social influences affect human behaviors. There are two types of laws, the ones that society creates and places in writing and are enforced by the police and court system, the second is natual laws or the laws of nature such as everything eventually dies, however death should not occur through the hands of another, this initially was a natural law that of course became a written law. Our current legal system consists of criminal law and cival law. Criminal laws cover crimes that are so harmful that they are punished by sever fines, imprisonment or even death, and upheld by government agencies. Civil laws are associted with lesser crimes and are in relation to individuals. These laws both natural and written infuence our behaviors and are set boundaries by society. Professional ethics and licensure is another area in which society has influences on our behaviors. Certain professions such as lawyers, physicians, psychologists, and others have formal codes of ethics with very specific responsibilities. These ethics may or may not match our personal morals, for example a doctor may have a faith that is against abortion, but has a patient that wants information regarding an abortion, ethically the doctor must supply the patient with the information regardless of their personal beliefs. Kohlberg’s seven stage theory of moral development consists of; preconventional morality consisting of, pleasure/pain, to avoid pain or not get caught, cost/ benefit, to get rewards, conventional morality consisting of, good child, to gain acceptance, law and order, follow rules. Principled morality which consists of, social contract to promote society’s welfare, ethical principle, to achieve justice, cosmic to be true to universal principles. Social influences on our behaviors start at birth and are developed end enforced through our caregivers. Media such as music, magazines and television can have a great influence on our behaviors from what we chose to wear, to where we buy our clothes, even who we vote for in an election. Depending on which media we watch will variey on the outcome of our behaviors, so for instance if one newpaper is supporting a certain canidate or has a bias against one, we may be purswayed to follow that lead. The most deliberate attempt to influence behavior is created within our educational system. There has been rapid advancement in child development and education. This advancement has allowed us to redirect our attention to solving problems of children in society, such as creating the program called Head Start. Head Start was created to assist low-income families giving their children a head start in education, behavior and social interactions. Another institute that makes the deliberate attempt to influence our behaviors is religion. Regardless of the particular type of faith that you chose they all have ethical and moral views that are expected to be followed. The catholic religion believes in monogomy, no abortions, abstannce until marriage. Many followers live by these beliefs and their behaviors revolve around their religious beliefs. Society accepts these behaviors and often respects the dediction to the individuals faith. Social facilitation is the phomomina of people prefoming at a higher level through the encouragement of an audience and or support of others. This of course is most influentian with people who hold high regards to what others percieve of them. I witness this type of behavior on a regular basis but in two very different settings. The first setting is at my daughter’s soccer games. When the team has played more than half the game and is losing badly, they often continue the second half of the game in one of two ways, however this is greatly influenced on the parents cheering and encouragment to not give up. If there are only a few parents in attendance and they are quiet the team will basically give up and put little to no effort into the second half of the game, however if there is a lot of cheering the girls will â€Å"fight† to the end putting their best efforts forward. The second setting that I see at work is when a child is consistantly told by family members that they are not able to do their school work, or follow the rules. These children receive little encouragement and often doubt themselves and their own abilities. However, I always ask them if they think they can do it, and then I say that I know they can. I tell them that if they try their hardest and do their best then they are not a failure. I take on the role of their personal cheerleader, and often their behaviors will change dramatically. Typically I would say that behaviors that warrant a theraputic intervention are behaviors that cause harm to individuals or others. Harm can be psyical, emotional, or jepordize a persons health. If the person is exhibiting behaviors that are not dangerous or harmful, but instead may just be out of the social norm, yet they are capable of functioning in society even if on a very basic level then there should be no need for any type of theraputic intervention. If the individual personally seeks out help on their own, then of course assistance should be given.

Discrimination Management

Question: Analyze and evaluate laws that protect against discrimination in the workplace. Examine and assess employee rights to health and safety in the workplace. Analyze environmental protection laws and assess their impact on organizations. Use technology and information resources to research issues in law, ethics, and corporate governance. Write clearly and concisely about law, ethics, and corporate governance using proper writing mechanics. Answer: The term stakeholder is of wide significance in theories of management. The term signifies, individuals, organizations or groups whose interests must be taken care of by the leaders or managers of the organization. R. Edward Freeman in Strategic Management: A Stakeholder Approach 1984 has defined the term stakeholder as being an individual or group who have the potential to affect or are affected by the accomplishment of the objectives of the organization. Stakeholders may also be referred to be individuals or groups who possess the potential to affect the future of an organization. Sans this power, an individual or group is not a stakeholder. Stakeholders of PharmaCARE Investors: They invest money in the organization because the organization promises them an income in return. Managers: The management may as well derive income from the success of the organization, and thus they put in their efforts. Employees Workers: Employees serve the organization and get paid in lieu of such service. Customers: The organization meets its obligation with the money provided by the customers. Suppliers: They supply goods or raw materials to the organization and derive income. Families of the Employees: The organization takes up a lot of time of the employee's family even if he or she is not working overtime. This time could have been otherwise spent with spouse and children. Community: The organization would not have survived without the community that provides roads, electricity, police protection, etc. Government: The government derives income from the company in the form of taxes. Special Interest Groups: The organization undertakes educational programs concerning health care and scholarships. Thus, these groups are also the stakeholders. PharmaCARE is a company based in New Jersey of the United States of America. The United States is a participant of the United States Universal Declaration of Human Rights. This Declaration primarily supports the idea that all individuals must be treated in a dignified manner and should have certain freedoms. Some of these include; the right to fair remuneration, rest and leisure and a basic standard of living. In PharmaCARE the human rights issues involved in the treatment of the executives and the Colberian workers is primarily that of discrimination. The company is not providing to the Colberian workers the basic rights to fair remuneration, proper living conditions and on the other hand, the executives are being provided with the luxuries of life. Recommendations The company can provide the Colberian workers with fair wages. The company may take steps to improve the working conditions of the workers. The company can provide the workers accommodations with electricity and water facilities. By adopting these steps, PharmaCARE can become an ethical organization. PharmaCARE on the one hand, undertakes changes in packaging processes, does recycling and other initiatives for the protection of the environment. On the other hand, it does not abide the environmental laws and regulations which have been created by the CERCLA and also violates the human rights of the Colberian workers regarding fair remuneration, proper working conditions and adequate standard of living. The initiatives of PharmaCARE regarding the environmental protection primarily requires it to abide by the CERCLA as the release of pollutions from its factories would cause greater injury to the public at large as compared to the good done by the initiatives which the company is taking in this regard. Moreover, it must also make sure that the Colberian workers human rights are not violated by its company policies. The basic purpose of the CERCLA is to cleanse the environment of the hazardous releases into the environment that may endanger the health of the public. Thus, it is essen tial that the company abides by this law. Together with the initiatives it is taking as regards environmental issues, and the following of the CIRCLA rules the company can become an environment-friendly company. UTILITARIANISM provides that morality is a means to an end but is not an end in itself. No action is deemed to be intrinsically right or wrong by this theory. The rightness of an action, as per this theory depends upon the good that results from such action. Now analyzing the actions of PharmaCARE towards the indigenous communities of Colberia with respect to the theory of utilitarianism theory, we may say that its actions are not ethical. The reason being that the actions are not generating good for the greatest number of people, the company executives who are fewer in number the enjoying the luxuries of life and the Colberian workers are unable to procure the basic requirements of life. DEONTOLOGICAL theory of ethics emphasizes that duty should be performed for the sake of performing it and not by concentrating on the consequence. The action of PharmaCARE when analyzed against the concept of deontological theory of ethics, we may deduce that its actions are not ethical. It is the duty of the company to take care that the human rights of the workers are not violated by its policies. But in this case, the company is not abiding by its duty of ensuring the human rights of the workers. VIRTUE ethics is concerned more with the person rather than the actions or consequences. Virtue ethics requires an individual to act in such a manner as a virtuous person would do in similar circumstances. The actions of the company when viewed with respect to the virtue ethics we may say that the said actions are not ethical. The actions of the company are not at all the actions of virtues. It is not virtuous to not pay proper wages to workers or not provide them with proper working conditions. ETHICS OF CARE is regarded to be one of the types of virtue ethics. This type of ethics lays emphasis on the significance of response. Individuals have dependence and interdependence on each other. Thus, when one is dependent upon the choices made the other, the latter must consider the interest of the former while making decisions. Attentiveness, competence, responsibility and responsiveness are the characteristics of this category of ethics. Now analyzing the actions of PharmaCARE in the light of ethics of care, we may say that its actions are not at all ethical. The Cloberian workers are a vulnerable group and are dependent upon the decisions taken by the company in this regard. The company must have taken into consideration their interests while making decisions. However, the company is exploiting them. Thus, their actions are not ethical as regards the ethics of care. MY ETHICAL VIEWPOINT does not as well support the actions of the PharmaCARE with respect to the Cloberian workers. It is not ethical from any respect to violate the human rights of individuals and to undermine their interests and well-being. They do not pay them the proper wages or provide them with proper working conditions or accommodations. All these actions are not at all ethical. I would analyze the actions taken by PharmaCARE with Mansato Company, which is an agricultural biotechnological and Agro Chemical Corporation based in the United States. This company is one of the most unethical companies in the world. The company is into the business of manufacturing genetically modified foods. In fact, it leads the world production of genetically modified foods. The company sues such farmers who intend to grow food ethically and organically. Even though Monsanto does not win the legal battle, it makes sure that the small farmers become bankrupt as a consequence of bearing the litigation expenses. The company is also the manufacturer of herbicide, called, Roundup which is a weed killer. Research has revealed that the said weed killer is harmful to both the environment and the human beings. In fact, studies show that this weed killer has the potential to cause the death of an unborn child as well. The World Health Organization has revealed that the glyphosate contain ed in Roundup may cause cancer in human beings. Now, comparing the activities of the two companies, i.e., Monsanto Co. and PharmaCARE, we may say that both companies are acting unethically. However, the degree is varying. In case of Monsanto, the degree is higher. They are directly causing harm to human health and not abiding by the environmental laws. Human life is at stake. However, PharmaCARE is primarily violating the human rights of the Colberian workers and is not abiding by the rules and regulations of CERCLA. Though these are pretty much, unethical practices yet are far less grave as compared to the actions of Monsanto Co. Monsanto is also not allowing other farmers to grow organic food and thus is violating their human rights as well as fundamental rights. PharmaCARE may become an ethical company by making few changes in its policy, but the same is not true for Monsanto Co.The only similarity between the actions of both the companies is that they are acting unethically and are violating human rights. Their actions are une thical as regards all the theories of ethics.

Essay With In Text Citations - Basic Guidelines

Essay With In Text Citations - Basic GuidelinesAn essay with in text citations should look clean and neat, with quality grammar and spelling being the focus. These tips will help make an essay with in text citations a more successful effort.Many writing guides recommend writing essays with in text citations by listing the main words from the essay under each heading. However, it is worth remembering that in text citations are not your job. You should only list the main words you want to refer to in the essay and also use the list to spell check the essay before submitting it.Remember that you can use a style sheet for the purpose of checking your essay for errors with in text citations. On this type of document, you simply type the main words from the essay into the text box, and then click the check button to indicate the errors. The check box will appear along the top of the document when you are working on your assignment, so you can see exactly what the errors are.It is vital tha t you don't just have the title of your essay. If you do this, it might come across as if you were using the title as your essay, and it won't be correct. So, make sure that you put the title in your body. Be careful about using too many titles in your essay, though.Don't use more than one type of in text citations per paragraph. This will cause confusion later on. Also, try to avoid using multiple instances of the same word or phrase in your essay.Make sure that you are precise about what you use in your essay within text citations. You should specify the word you are citing in your titles, subheadings, and at the end of the paragraph. This will help your students find the word you used in the essay.You will also need to try and avoid using the same word in your essay within text citations as you did in your body. Instead, use another word in the same phrase. For example, instead of writing 'X is Y' in your body, you can write 'Y is X.'Finally, it is important that you read your es say carefully, both from the beginning, when you write the body, to the end, when you edit. Your students will also be reading the essay, so it is worthwhile to check it carefully to make sure that there are no spelling or grammar mistakes.

Advertising in Abercrombie Fitch

Advertising in Abercrombie Fitch Overview: Ad Description Appendix 1 shows a grey, white and black advert comprising of a plus-sized woman lying down on her right side. Her right arm is resting on the ground and folded to support her head. The woman has tilted her head to make her seem like she is looking forward and diagonally.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Advertising in Abercrombie Fitch specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More She has also let her short hair free to fall on her back. In terms of dressing, she has a grey T-shirt with the ‘Abercrombie Fitch’ text on her bust area and black fitting shorts, which reveal her thighs. In addition, she has body art on her right arm, upper left arm and just above her knees. The white text, â€Å"Attractive Fat† is placed just above the woman with the letter â€Å"F† partially hidden by the woman’s thighs. Although this is a denotative meaning of the advert, advertisements a re built around semiotics to help persuade consumers’ to purchase products while using the societal culture as leverage. Therefore, they have connotative meaning. With this in mind, this paper critically deconstructs the advert to reveal its connotative meaning. Obvious Message The obvious message or intent of the advert is trying to persuade plus-sized women in the western, liberal world into believing that Abercrombie Fitch brand of clothing is suitable for plus-sized women because the company’s clothes makes them feel attractive. The â€Å"Abercrombie Fitch† text on the woman’s bust area is a sign that the woman is modeling for the company’s clothes. In the fashion industry, manufacturing an image in advertisement seeks to persuade buyers to change their habits. Therefore, to reach to and persuade plus-sized women to accept Abercrombie Fitch clothes, the advert uses or ‘manufacturers’ a plus-sized woman who is a model of the targ eted population. This is in addition to dressing the woman in Abercrombie Fitch clothes that are seemingly attractive, liberating or ‘cool’ by societal standards to form an ideal plus-sized woman. More so, the ad creators focus on the target group insecurities to persuade them to purchase clothes. Ideally, the society does not consider plus-sized women as attractive. This makes them have low-self esteem and feel unattractive. The dress code of the woman in the ad exhibits an attractive person full of confidence. Markedly, although plus-sized, she is not afraid to wear clothes that show off her body, including her thighs and arms. In addition, her non-verbal codes show confidence. She is resting comfortably on the ground with her chin up. This makes plus-sized women believe that with Abercrombie Fitch clothes, they can deal with their weaknesses, feel attractive and confident. Convincingly, with the phrase â€Å"attractive Fat† written in white color to symboli ze a new beginning, Abercrombie Fitch is making a statement that their clothes will change the plus-sized women’s lives by helping them deal with their weaknesses.Advertising Looking for essay on advertising? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Hidden Message Critics argue that adverts create false expectations and so is the revelation of the hidden meaning of this advert. Although the advert seems to inform or insinuate to the plus-sized women that Abercrombie Fitch clothes will help them deal with their weaknesses, the hidden meaning reveals otherwise. The hidden meaning is that the clothes that Abercrombie Fitch Company is selling cannot make plus-sized women become confident, attractive or improve on their self-esteem. This is because these three traits come through being intelligent, practical and mature enough to discern societal expectations. In simple terms, the three traits are nurtured from within by controlling external influences and knowing what one stands for. This ensures that a person, whether plus-sized or not is confident and has a high self-esteem. These two traits make a person feel attractive. The hidden message is derived from the color code, particularly the permissive grey color. In the western world and most societies, grey symbolizes intelligence. Being emotionless and motionless, grey is stable and solid with a sense of composure and calm that offers relief from the chaotic world. Grey is conservative and elegant, but not glamorous. Grey is practical, a color of responsibility and maturity due to its association with grey hair in old age. It never seeks attention, but stays toned down and safe. The extensive use of the grey color even on the woman’s skin creates an association between the color and the message that the ad passes across. This makes it easy to connect the symbolic meaning of the color to the actual message to reveal the hidden meaning of th e advert. Therefore, being intelligent, practical and staying toned down or controlling external influences helps plus-sized women to nurture a high self-esteem and confidence from within, not the Abercrombie Fitch clothes. Conclusion: Social and cultural relevance The connection between the obvious and hidden meaning and the ad is derived from the advertisement’s social and cultural relevance. The advert creators are torn between persuading the target audience to attain advertisement effects and informing them as expected by the societal culture. The society knows that advertisements evoke false expectations and creates unrealistic role models. Therefore, there is a belief that advertisements should seek to inform. To avoid compromising on the effect of the advertisement, the designers inform the target audience in a subtle or hidden way. This becomes a defense mechanism against societal expectations in case people start criticizing the advert. The advert presents a liberal western and plus-sized woman with the probable benefits derived from Abercrombie Fitch clothes. In addition, as the societal culture expects, it uses the grey color to inform that the attributes they seek are nurtured from within, not by the clothes they wear.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Advertising in Abercrombie Fitch specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Appendix 1

5 Study Habits You Should Develop in College

5 Study Habits You Should Develop in College Studying isn’t the most fun thing you’ll ever do at college (that spot is reserved for Ultimate Star Wars Strip Poker). Still, if you haven’t learned how to study by the time you’ve made it this far into your educational career, you may be in big trouble. Statistics from the U.S. News and World Report say that as many as 3 out of 10 college freshman will drop out due to poor grades during their first year. In order to keep yourself from becoming a statistic, you need some study hacks. That’s why we’ve compiled the 5 best and most productive study habits you can develop before its too late. Remember, having a worry-free semester of straight A’s is much more fun than failing out and missing your calling as a Jedi Poker Master. Skip the Highlighting, Summarizing, and Mental Imagery Although these are things you’ve been taught to do since you were small, research published in Psychological Science in the Public Interest basically calls your 4th grade teacher a liar. The research says that things like highlighting texts, summarizing texts, and mental imagery of facts are some of the least effective study habits you can pick up. Other things to avoid are re-reading texts and using word mnemonics to memorizing a new language. Go the Distance The best studying is done in small bursts over a longer period of time. So, instead of cramming for an exam just before it hits, study in small increments every day. Not only is this easier on your schedule (you don’t have to give up a whole night of sleep), but you will retain the information longer, as well. Use Technology to S.O.A.R The recent study published in The Journal of Educational Psychology highlighted that technology is only as good as your study habits. Students who are using their computers to reread articles or drill information perform half as well as students who are using their technology to synthesize material in new ways. The author of the study, Ken Kiewra, says that the best students use the S.O.A.R method: Select key lesson ideas. Organize information with comparative charts. Associate ideas to create meaningful connections. Regulate learning through practice. Although this sounds like a lot of work, it’s actually not. By thinking more critically about your information through comparisons and connections, and incorporating small daily study sessions, you are building a neural network for your new information that allows you to access it quickly whenever you need it. Turn Off the Music While you might think that you study better with the music on, there is significant research that shows it can impair your recall of the topic you’re studying. Nick Perham, a professor at the University of Wales Health Sciences School, completed research that showed music – whether you like it or not – impairs your ability to remember even simple things. And, although music with fewer chord and musical variations (like classical music) impair memory less than Grunge Metal, neither is as effective as studying in a quiet place. Mix it Up This applies not only to types of things you’re studying, but to location. Scientists found in the Psychological Science in the Public Interest study that students who change up the kinds of review questions they do perform better on exams. For example, they study a math problem, then follow it up with a psychology question. In addition, if you vary where you study when you do a new type of review, your brain will â€Å"anchor† the new information better. So, try the couch, then the table, then your bedroom. When it comes time to recall the information, your brain will have a better time if it can recall a unique place, time, or position you learned it in. Studying is a huge part of your college life, but it doesn’t have to take up all of your time. With a little good advice and a daily dose of studying, you can be acing all of your exams quicker than you think. Just make sure that you are avoiding the time-sucking activities that don’t work, and use your study sessions in a way that keeps your information memorable and easy to access. Can you think of some more useful study habits? Tell us! We want to hear from you!

Article critique Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Critique - Article Example states where same-sex marriage is prohibited. Research Objective The authors aimed to examine the impact of pro-gay marriage policies, enacted in 2003 in Massachusetts, on health care use and expenditures among gays and bisexuals. They postulated that if same-sex marriage policies can reduce health problems among gays, bisexuals, and lesbians, then such policies may have implications on the health care use and expenditures of sexual minority men. It was clear that the authors were only interested in examining the effect of pro-gay marriage policies on the health care use and expenditures among gay and bisexual men. Theory/Framework Although the theoretical framework was not explicitly presented, it is apparent that the study was anchored on the notion that same-sex marriage policies could improve the physical and mental health conditions of gays, bisexuals, and lesbians. They postulated that same-sex marriage policies reduce structural forms of discrimination against gays, bisexuals, and lesbians, resulting in the reduction of health care use by such groups of individuals. Methods The authors employed quasi-natural experiment method to examine the impact of the legalization of same-sex marriage in Massachusetts on the health care use and expenditures among sexual minority men. This research design lacks random assignment of participants to comparison groups. Similar to a true experiment, a quasi-experiment has a control group and a treatment group, but the members of these groups are not explicitly or randomly chosen by researchers. Rather, these groups naturally arise from an exogenous event. Through random selection, research participants have an equal chance of being assigned to either control group or treatment group. Thus, the resulting groups are statistically identical at baseline, on both observed and unobserved characteristics. Any changes in such characteristics can be attributed to the intervention made. However, this is not the case for quasi-experi ments. Since the control and treatment groups are not randomly selected, the quasi-experiment method faces threats to internal validity. That is, a causal link between the treatment and outcomes may not clearly establish. Independent and Dependent Variables The independent variable is the same-sex marriage policies while the dependent variable is the health care use and costs. The factors measured were sexual orientation, partnership status, and health care use and costs. However, the measures or instruments used were not properly referenced and their reliability was not even mentioned. Study Design The authors employed a quasi-experiment design, which has threats to internal validity because the participants were not randomly selected to be assigned in either control group or treatment group. Hence, the participants’ groups in the study may not statistically comparable at baseline. Consequently, any changes in the observed and unobserved characteristics of the participants m ay not absolutely be attributed to same-sex marriage policies. Quasi-experiments can be utilized in studies where many variables are involved because this research design can control extraneous variables and may infer cause-and-effect relationships. However, if there are differences between the control and t

Literature review one and two Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

One and two - Literature review Example The study focuses on the issues of child abuse on three main age groups that it, parents of children below 11 years, teenagers between 11 – 17 years and a group between 18- 24 years. The sample on these three groups included 2,160, 2,275, and 1,761 subjects respectively (Radford et al. 2011, p. 218). However, the study does not give details on the sampling techniques, which were used at arriving in the stated representative sample. However, the fact that all ages were represented indicates that the findings were objective and credible. This study was an improvement of previous studies, which lacked in terms of objective representative samples. In their definition, child maltreatment is concerned with physical, emotional, and psychological ill-treatment. It also referred exploitation of children by certain members of the society including their parents, close friends, and strangers. Physical maltreatment included hitting, kicking, spanking and slapping of their children. Issues of neglect were also said to cause emotional problems to children. Neglect included denying children parental love, access to quality education and healthcare, and failure to provide them with general basic needs (Children’s Taskforce, Department of Health 2012, p. 865). The study findings indicated that 1.2% of the children less than 11 years were severely punished. However, it appeared that severe punishment increased as the ages increased. For instance, in the 7.1% of the group between the ages brackets 11-19 had been severely punished (Radford et al. 2011, p.300). This increased to 11.5% in 17-24 age brackets. In addition to that, it was indicated that over 0.5% of the children under the age of 11 had been sexually abused. This would however rise to 4.8% in the age bracket 11-19. In the final bracket of 18 – 24, 11.3% of the subjects had been exposed