A Tale of Two Cities Family Responsibilities - 807 Words

When great authors may use stronger connections to create a stronger plot that focuses on how their relationships that grows and shapes with the plot. In A Tale of Two Cities, this is a major conflict that will be a part of the plot because Lucie has to care for her father, and issues arise while she takes care of him and during her personal life. She was introduced to him and she was willing to help him get better and make his transition to a normal life easy for him. Even for the peasants in the novel, the killing of the Gaspard’s son he was willing to go out of his way to return the favor to Marquis of St. Evrà ©monde because he loved his son enough to murder. In another important piece of literature, Antigone shows that some people believe that family is more important than obeying laws because they want to be happy. Many major novels have issue between society and family because it shows who some people are and how they react to the situation. It is evident from the minute that Lucie and her father meet, that she will be loyal to him. This will be a major connection that will drive the plot. This can be because she has always had the notion in her head that her father was dead because that is what she has known. She additionally knows that the transition he will go through to get used to be out of a jail cell. This was a major point in the plot because they were going to from a relationship because the relationship was going to be built off trust in each other.Show MoreRelatedHumanism1439 Words   |  6 Pageshumanity, A Tale of Two Cities by Dickens demonstrates his humanistic thinking perfectly. Main figures’ experiences and analysis of their characters is an important aspect to understand the theme this novel reveals. Key words: Dickens A Tale of Two Cities Humanism Humanity Humanism is an important subject in Charles Dickens’ works. Among his many famous works, A Tale of Two Cities is the most outstanding one which vividly expresses the author’s humanistic thinking. A Tale of Two Cities, basedRead More History of Fairy Tales within Victorian Society Essay1204 Words   |  5 Pagesviewed fairy tales as inappropriate literature because they believed fairy tales to be a form of witchcraft. The attitude toward fairy tales soon changed when the Brothers Grimm published their two-volume collection called Kinderund Hausmarchen or German Popular Stories. Overnight, fairy tales became an acceptable form of literature. This sudden popularity raises some related questions: What are the reasons behind the increased popularity of fairy tales? What function did fairy tales play in VictorianRead MoreA Tale Of Two Cities By Charles Dickens1426 Words   |  6 Pagesnovel, A Tale of Two Cities, while exhibiting his keen ability to leave hints for the readers, allowing them to predict upcoming events in his skillfully fashioned plot. Dickens utilizes vivid imagery to construct menacing settings. He presents his characters as impulsive to indicate the possibi lity of their future cruelty and relentlessness. He describes Sydney Carton’s love for Lucie Manette in such depth as to explain Carton’s readiness to abandon his own life for the sake of hers. In A Tale of TwoRead MoreA Tale of Two Cities, by Charles Dickens1381 Words   |  6 PagesOf the extraordinary amount of literary devices available to authors, Charles Dickens uses quite a few in his novel A Tale of Two Cities, which is set during the French Revolution. One of his more distinctive devices is character foils. The five sets of foils are Carton and Darnay, Carton and Stryver, Darnay and the Marquis de Evremonde, Madame Defarge, and Mr. Lorry and Jerry Cruncher. Dickens uses foil characters to highlight the virtues of several major characters in order to show the theme ofRead MoreAnalysis Of Edward Bloom And William Bloom1631 Words   |  7 Pagesand how it is seen to be lived. Edward tells his tales multiple times, that he believed himself, is the true version o f events, consequently frustrating his son William Bloom as, when William was young his father was scarcely around as work occupied majority of his time. Nonetheless, the tales presented by Edward give the audience an insight to what Edward went through from childhood through into adulthood. Edward Bloom and William Bloom, are two main characters, whose relationship is deemed toRead MoreSocial Differences In The Awakening By Kate Chopin And The Road1648 Words   |  7 Pagesbecome socially tolerable. In the vastly different novels, The Awakening (Kate Chopin), 1984 (George Orwell), A Tale of Two Cities (Charles Dickens), and The Road (Cormac McCarthy), social norms are unquestionably evident in each of these novels. Despite the differing settings and style, each of these novels exhibit a common social norm in each of the time periods- dependence on family; however, most of the novels also display a common theme- independence from social norms. The Awakening by KateRead MoreIrony By Charles Dickens A Tale Of Two Cities1561 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Victorian people called for romantic intrigue and petty drama in the literature of their time, Dickens’ added complexity to his novels not to satisfy the frivolous needs of Victorians but to further the theme of irony in his novel. In A Tale of Two Cities, irony is an ever-present theme and is woven into the plot seamlessly by author Charles Dickens. Coincidence is a complementary theme to irony in this novel. Dickens’ constant implementation of situations of coincidence and chance leads to aRead MoreA Tale Of Two Cities By Charles Dickens1305 Words   |  6 Pages In A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens, isolation impacts Madame Defarge and Sydney Carton by altering their perception of life, influencing Madame to become obsessive with her vengeful goal of eliminating the aristocracy and damaging Carton by forcing him to contain his depressive emotions. Madame Defarge is first introduced as a stern woman with a rather ominous habit of knitting, with no indication of her bloodthirsty habits. However, it is later noted that Madame Defarge is actually knittingRead MoreBiblical Allusions In Gabriel Garcia Marquezs One Hundred Years Of Solitude1239 Words   |  5 Pagesenthralled with tales of magic and fantasy, he enjoyed them so much so that he would dedicate his life to the creation of stories for others to enjoy. His passion for storytelling and use of magical realism would lead him to create his career defining novel, One Hundred Years of Solitude. On the surface it may appear a story that spans the timeline of the Buendia Clan and their intertwined fates but, through the use of biblical allusions throughout the novel his simple tale of a family becomes almostRead MoreThe Heart-warming Tale of Girls and Boys Town867 Words   |  4 PagesGirls Boys Town is different! The story of Girls and Boys Town is one of the most heart-warming tales of human effort of the 20th Century. It is a tale of faith, courage and sympathy – one that enchanted the imagination of the world and changed the way South Africa cares for challenged youth. Founded by the late Bishop Reginald Orsmond in 1958 and based on the principles of Father Flanagans famous Girls Boys Town in Nebraska, USA, Girls Boys Town has granted thousands of children of all races

Descriptive Narrative Descriptive Essay - 964 Words

It had been like dying, that sliding down the mountain pass. It had been like the death of someone, irrational, that sliding down the mountain pass and into the region of dread. It was like slipping into fever, or falling down that hole in sleep from which you wake yourself whimpering. We had crossed the mountains that day, and now we were in a strange place – a hotel in central Washington, in a town near Yakima. The eclipse we had traveled here to see would occur early in the next morning. I lay in bed. My husband, Gary, was reading beside me. I lay in bed and looked at the painting on the hotel room wall. It was a print of a detailed and lifelike painting of a smiling clown’s head, made out of vegetables. It was a painting of the sort†¦show more content†¦Had the avalanche buried any cars that morning? We could not learn. This highway was the only winter road over the mountains. We waited as highway crews bulldozed a passage through the avalanche. With two-by-fours and walls of plywood, they erected a one-way, roofed tunnel through the avalanche. We drove through the avalanche tunnel, crossed the pass, and descended several thousand feet into central Washington and the broad Yakima valley, about which we knew only that it was orchard country. As we lost altitude, the snows disappeared; our ears popped; the trees changed, and in the trees were strange birds. I watched the landscape innocently, like a fool, like a diver in the rapture of the deep who pla ys on the bottom while his air runs out. The hotel lobby was a dark, derelict room, narrow as a corridor, and seemingly without air. We waited on a couch while the manager vanished upstairs to do something unknown to our room. Beside us on an overstuffed chair, absolutely motionless, was a platinum-blond woman in her forties wearing a black silk dress and a strand of pearls. Her long legs were crossed; she supported her head on her fist. At the dim far end of the room, their backs toward us, sat six bald old men in their shirtsleeves, around a loud television. Two of them seemed asleep. They were drunks. â€Å"Number six!† cried the man on television, â€Å"Number six!† On the broad lobby desk, lighted and bubbling, was a ten-gallon aquariumShow MoreRelatedNarrative and Descriptive Essay1226 Words   |  5 Pages Compare-Contrast Essay Eng121: English Composition I (AXC13480) Regina McKinney Professor: Nancy Segovia January 1, 2014 A narrative essay is about storytelling for a narrative story to work it must capture and hold the audience attention you must give a clear understanding of your story. A descriptive essay lets you describe in detail what the essay is all about using words that appeal to your sense of smell, hearing, see, touch, and taste. A descriptive essay lets you use words thatRead MoreDescriptive Narrative Descriptive Essay1093 Words   |  5 Pages Title The alluring sun rays peak through the clouds at Ponder Park as I walk on the damp grass. The sweet faces of those who have come peer off into the distance. This heinous, yet endearing place I have arrived at blows a cool breeze through-out my entire body. Tiring, however its small glimpses of beauty glorifies me. As I begin to stretch my legs to run I feel the tightness of my thigh begin to loosen. I hear the mumbles of all of my teammates as they surround near me. The wind playsRead MoreDescriptive Narrative Descriptive Essay2024 Words   |  9 PagesSunday November 12, 2073 we just woke up it seems like we landed outside of a huge building complex. The others and i do not know what is going on i am not ready for this we all have heard about the others and how ships would just take them how can i say it, they was just gone we have never seen this before it was just never seen again. I am strapped onto my seat across from me is a young girl with a high black long ponyta il and seems to be wearing a black mask only revealing her eyes, noseRead MoreEnglish Descriptive Narrative essay883 Words   |  4 PagesIt  was  a  beautiful  Saturday  afternoon  in  Philadelphia.  The  air  was  fresh  and  the  fog  was   rolling  off  of  the  dark  green  oak  trees.  These  trees  were  scattered  everywhere  like  grains  of  sand   on  a  hot  summer  beach.  Ã‚  The  soft  and  lingering  scent  from  the  various  kinds  of  flowers  filled  the   air.  This  added  a  sense  of  happiness  to  everyone  who  was  celebrating  my  uncle’s  wedding,   especially  my  sisters  and  I.  Before  the  wedding,  people  were  gathered  in  large  groups,   everywhere,  bickering  with  one  anotherRead MoreCage Bird and How to Say Nothing in 500 Words768 Words   |  4 Pages When I start to review narrative and descriptive essays, I have to try to understand what separates the two. I chose to compare â€Å"Caged Bird†, by Maya Angelou as my Descriptive essay and â€Å"How to say nothing in 500 words†, by Paul McHenry Roberts as my narrative essay. To me these two essays set themselves apart from each other, not just because of the different styles of writers, but the meaningful message that was delivered in both essays. While both of these essays have a strong message thatRead MoreNarrative vs. Descriptive Writing977 Words   |  4 Pages A narrative essay uses a point of view to tell a story. It is an engaging way for an author to tell his reader about an experience they have had or a personal story. Descriptive writing is a description of something. It could be a person, place, thing, emotion or ex perience. The author is allowed more artistic freedom when writing in descriptive form. While both descriptive and narrative essays are similar in many ways, the descriptive essays use of language fully immerses the reader intoRead MoreLoss of Freedom in Sedaris This Old House and Angelous Caged Bird1274 Words   |  6 Pageshis feelings through narrative writing, and Angelou explores her concerns through descriptive writing with the analogy of a bird, they still are exploring the similar topic of perceived loss. The loss of freedom, demonstrated by the demand to uphold a family image, versus the caged bird, remain very similar in both pieces due to perceived entrapment, disappointment and self-nonentity. Descriptive essays leave room for misinterpretation and confusion, where as a narrative essay is straightforward andRead MoreEssay Writing Forms and Styles1402 Words   |  6 Pages------------------------------------------------- Forms and styles This section describes the different forms and styles of essay writing. These forms and styles are used by a range of authors, including university students and professional essayists. [edit]Cause and effect The defining features of a cause and effect essay are causal chains that connect from a cause to an effect, careful language, and chronological or emphatic order. A writer using this rhetorical method must consider the subjectRead MoreThe Beach Essay781 Words   |  4 PagesDescriptive Essay- Beach, Vacation The place where I feel most comfortable is a place where I am calm. A place that is peaceful in its own ways. It is the place to go to get away from all my troubles. It is the one place where I could sit forever, and never get tired of just staring into the deepest blue I have ever seen. It is the place where I can sit and think the best. A place where nothing matters but what is in that little moment. The one place capable of sending my senses into an overloadRead MoreNarrative Essay1497 Words   |  6 PagesThe Narrative Essay *What is a Narrative Essay? †¢ Narrative writing tells a story. In essays, the narrative writing could also be considered reflection or an exploration of the authors values told as a story. The author may remember his or her past, or a memorable person or event from that past, or even observe the present. †¢ The author may write about: -An experience or event from his or her past. -A recent or ongoing experience or event.

Companies Law Performance for Multinational Groups Liabilities - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 3066 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Companies Law Performance for Multinational Groups Liabilities Law is absolutely essential for a civilized society to prosper and thrive. Therefore, we have got Laws pertaining to all walks of life ranging from Human Rights to Criminal Laws, from Laws of Inheritance to Family Laws; similarly there is also a need for the Law which would regulate the way in which a Company behaves and operates its functionalities. These set of Rules and Regulations in the United Kingdom (UK) are contained under the Companies Act of 2006. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Companies Law Performance for Multinational Groups Liabilities" essay for you Create order The Company being a separate legal entity; enjoys the rights just like ordinary human beings. It has the right to take others to the court and in turn it can be sued upon. Furthermore, whatever the actions which are done under the Companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s name by the employees; the Company will be solely responsible for those actions and not the employees[1], unless of course those actions which are deemed as illegal by law; only then will the relevant employees be held liable of misconduct. In a similar context, the Companies Balance Sheet consists of two main components, Assets and Liabilities. Assets are all those things that are of use for the organization[2]; which can be utilized to ensure the smooth functioning of operations of the firm. Similarly, liabilities are all those things under a legal context for which the company is responsible for[3]; often people consider liabilities as the amount owed by a firm. When companies accomplish their obligations as per law; t hey are known to have conducted a performance of Law. In other words; they have completed their responsibilities as per Law. However; when they fail to do so or they are found to be in negligence of their duty, their actions are referred to as non performance of Law[4]. Multinational Companies are those companies; which are operating in several countries but use their home country as the head quarter of their operations. However; this is not necessary that they should be running all operations from home country; because we live in an age of outsourcing where outsourcing has evolved from 3rd Party contracts to 4th and 5th party contracts. Another definition for Multinational organizations is that; all those companies or groups of companies which derive 1/4th of its revenue from abroad. Now that the basic definitions of terms and phrases are clear; let us head towards the main topic of discussion, i.e. what Laws have been enshrined in the constitution for cases of Multinational Companies (MNC), How do these Laws come into place or are enforced when an organization is found to be liable for unpaid debts? This is why the Companies Act of 2006 is applied in the UK; in order to clarify the legalities which could arise either by performance or non performance of contracts, promises and other legally binding agreements between two or more companies. The situation is not that simple it may seem to be. Since the status of a Multinational firm is often ambiguous due to the fact that the Companies and their Parent Organization both enjoy a separate Legal Entity as per Law; and because they are operating in Multinational countries, they reap in good profits for the country in which they operate and also are politically strong contenders in international area because of fulfilling their Corporate Social Responsibility towards those countries, they earn a good repute in the international market and become the apple of the eye of several Governments for provision of employment to a large sector of unemployed persons in their countries. Since an MNC legally is a non-state actor, it is not bound by the Laws which are established by countries multilateral agreements which are often signed to ensure the safety of their respective environments in which an MNC is going to operate. Since these Laws are not applied on a Local Level; often an MNC is not obliged to follow these multilateral agreements. What is further alarming and disturbing to note is that MNCs often target under developed and developing nations where laws are set forth by the respective governments are such that they may be written in the constitutions; but are not enforced by letter and spirit. Let us consider the example of Brazil, India, China and Russia; these are often referred to as BRIC countries and have been one of the fastest growing countries in the recent years in terms of GDP growth rate[5]. The BRIC Countries rapid rise is the result of a combination easy and lax government policies set forth in the recent years and of course the cheap availability of resources both human and material has resulted in a rapid boom for these countries. However; recently development between Ukraine and Russia and the result of EU embargo has left Russia fall short of reaching that expected growth rate as was predicted by Trade Analysts and Economists in the recent years. Nevertheless, the MNCs often target such regions where the governments are often found negligence of fulfilling their constitutional responsibilities. On the other hand the governments do so because they can foresee the profits and benefits which an MNC would bring in at the cost of damaging their own Ecological Environment. As it has been observed by Mac Donald et al (2000), often; NMCs function in those areas that are not regulated by the governments and Parent Company enjoys no legal obligations arising from any such operations of its subsidiary[6]. Hence we may state that an MNC trie s its best to generate the corporate veil in order to safeguard its parent company. This has also been supported by Scovazzi (1991); who thinks that judicial proceedings to pierce such a corporate veil will be time consuming but it will also eventually expose the loopholes that are pertinent in the legal system[7]. This being said; we may come to the conclusion from these arguments stated above that an MNC enjoys an unfair advantage over a local firm because a local company will always find itself entangled in a web of legal issues; whereas due to the lack of international laws governing the activities of the MNC provide it a legal cover as it enjoys exploiting the loopholes in the legal system; whereas the due to the lengthy procedures involved in piercing the veil of corporations, quite too often the governments do not purse the cases despite being fully aware of the operations of the MNC. The problem here is not that the Laws are not being put in place to address such issue s as Environmental damage, but the problem lies at the implementation and on the defined ambiguity of these Laws are often suggested in multilateral agreements. The MNC cannot be brought to book as long as these laws are not further refined at the local level of the government. Hence the MNCs avoid the liabilities that would have otherwise risen from such scenarios. What is also disturbing to note is that there is a lack of provisions for international environmental liability[8]; the governments also fail to include provisions for such liabilities; in those multilateral agreements; despite there have been repeated history of violations and damages caused by MNCs and such firms have made a mockery of International Law by exploiting the legalities of the clauses. Examples which have involved nuclear power plants like Chernobyl and Fukushima have gained the attention of the international community members[9]. Also disasters which include the oil spillage incidents are note worthy in history of liabilities of MNC arising from such disasters. These disasters have forced the particular industry operators to be immensely scrutinized by the States in which they are functional, because the dangers associated with such disasters are great as compared to the cost of individual lives and the overall Eco-system is put at risk. Considering the liabilities arising from the oil slick incidents and the liabilities arising from pollution of Marine Life; notably two important conventions can be cited here to support this article. First was the Civil Liabilities convention of 1970; which had reduced the liabilities arising from such marine disasters and pollutions arising from oil slicks and another being the Civil Liabilities Conventions; which imposed stringent yet addressed the liability arising from such incidents as limited liability[10] The Lugano Convention of 1993 and the European Union (EU) impose liabilities on a broader division of companies that are involv ed in activities which are dangerous to the environment; this is done with the help of Environmental Liability Directive (2004/35/EC). The principle which states that the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"polluter must payà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢is well known among the civil jurisdictions[11] and it has been by judges that polluting units have to go[12]. It is also note worthy go into the details to note that this principle strict liability; holds that if it has been deemed that the activity which was carried out has been considered as dangerous; the person carrying such an activity is to compensate for the losses which may arise from conducting of such an activity; regardless of the fact whether due care was taken or not whilst the activity was undertaken. Also the United Nations Global Compact (UNGC) in this regards has set forth guidelines and principles which the companies are encouraged to follow which also include the environmental standards as well. These principles can be found in the à ¢Ã¢â€ š ¬Ã‹Å"The Ten Principlesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ an online guide published on the website of (UNGC). It is important to point out here that Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD have also set forth guidelines in order to help governments to make recommendations to the MNCs operating in their countries which though are non-binding but yet an effective way of improving the coordination between the MNCs and government. It is up to the government to close in on the gap pertaining to the limited liability scope and accountability for the MNCs, for this reason a Conference in Stockholm took place in 1972 where the need for recognition of Environmental Laws was stressed to be recognized and the need to implement better laws pertaining to environmental protection was stressed considering to keep it in line with the growing activities of MNCs. In this regard several; Transnational Investment Agreements (TIA) have been signed between the MNCs and the hosts, but it has b een often noted that particularly the third world countries are not eager to implement these TIAs and other laws pertaining to the environment preservation because these agreements would compel the MNCs to limit their activities which hazardous in nature but yet necessary to produce the finished product. One such example is of Baku-Tsibili-Ceyhan (BTC) pipeline project. The Pipeline runs 1,760km long and stretches from Azerbaijan through Georgia to the Mediterranean coast of Turkey. The project had to face several of difficult problems relating environmental challenges. Financing of the project was agreed in 2004 after a delay of several years and completion of various environmental and social projects. Completion of the project took place by the end of 2005 and the project finally commenced its operations in 2006 with Ceyhan as being its hub. Now that we have seen how MNCs behave in international arena, let us examine the cases which have taken place in the jurisdiction of UK and how the Companies Law of UK came into play and what verdicts were given in the issues involving MNCs. It was in In 1980s a company named Thor operated in Margate, England and manufactured Chemicals involving Mercury. The Health and Safety standards in Margate came under fire when workers blood and urine samples taken by Health and Safety Executive (HSE) were found to be containing high levels of Mercury deposits. In 1986, the company switched its operations from Margate to Cato Ridge in South Africa. In Cato Ridge; the workers of the factory showed similar symptoms of having high levels of Mercury in Urine and Blood. Instead of changing the Safe Procedures and Methods of conducting the operations the company decided to shuffle its workers. It lay off those who had high levels of Mercury deposits in their body systems and hired new ones instead. In Feb of 1992, the poisoning of workers came to light as three workers died and several others showed case of severe poisonin g. A criminal inquiry was held in magistrates court and a fine of  £3,000 was imposed. Subsequently this resulted in compensation claims against the parent company in the English High Courts on behalf of 20 workers. The claims were based on the grounds of having a negligent set-up of operations and lack of safety standards and monitoring of hazardous processes; hence it was based on the overall failure to take steps necessary steps to protect the South African workers against the foreseeable risk of mercury poisoning. The company had applied for a stay of action on forum grounds, but application was dismissed. The Judge; J. Stewart noted the associations of the claim with England and held that English law were to be applied to the case. Thorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s appeal was struck down by the court and Thor settled the claim for  £1.3 million in 1997. Another example is of compensational claim which was brought in to English Courts by E. Connelly, a laryngeal can cer victim who was employed at RTZà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Rossing uranium mine in Namibia. The allegations held English-based RTZ companies responsible for all Key strategic technical and policy decisions relating to Rossing; this meant that despite whatever Rossing did in terms of misconduct and negligence, the parent company was to be held liable for its actions and carelessness towards the precautionary measures which were to be implemented for workers safety. It was in March of 1995, that RTZ was able to convince the court that Namibia was the rightful forum for this particular case. The case was brought to the Court of Appeal two times before ending up at the House of Lords and it was held that since Mr. E. Connelly was not able to pursue the case legally in Namibia; therefore the case should be litigated England. Another claim was brought by the widow of an (esophageal) cancer victim; who was employed at Rossing, Peter Carlson. The victim worked during the same period and in the same region as did Connelly. RTZ applied to strike out the Connellyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s claim and to stay the Carlson action on the ground of forum being non-convenient. Interesting as it may seem, the court struck out Connellyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s claim but dismissed on the grounds of limitaitons RTZà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s application to stay the Carlson action on the grounds that his widow would not be able to attain necessary funding which is required to obtain justice in Namibia. The Cape Asbestos Company Limited, was involved in mining asbestos in the Northern Cape respectively from 1890 1979. From 1948 onwards the operations in the North Western Cape were carried out directly by the parent company, via its subsidiaries. The Prieska mill was located in the middle of the town, near by a school. The operations pertaining to mining and milling led to the families being infected with the asbestos-related disease. It was a tragedy; which affected the whole families. When the Ch ief Medical Officer of Cape visited The Prieska mill in 1962, hed reported that the conditions around the mill were not good; he noted that the crusher had no doors thus a cloud of dust was being blown with strong winds towards the town. At Capeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Penge mine, the conditions were just as bad with asbestos dust levels. In 1970s it was several times greater than the UK limit during the corresponding period. Compensation claims were commenced in the English High Court in 1997. The claimse were in favour of 3 Penge workers who had lived near the mine suffered from asbestosis and 2 Prieska residents who had lived in the vicinity of the mine suffered from mesothelioma. The claims were based on the negligence of the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s world-wide asbestos business. To make matters worse, claims were also filed on behalf of 4 Italian workers, employed at Capeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Turin manufacturing operation, run by another subsidiary, Capamianto. Cape applied to stay the South African claims on forum grounds, their application was granted, but on appeal in July 1998, the Court of Appeal reversed this decision. The Court insisted that breaches of duty of care took place in England and not in South Africa. In Dec of 1998, the House of Lords dismissed Capeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s petition and in Jan of 1999; two further actions comprising almost 2000 claims were commenced in England against Cape plc by South African claimants exposed to asbestos in the same geographical regions of South Africa. Cape applied to stay the 2000 claims on forum grounds contending that the emergence of the group was a sufficiently material change to warrant a different conclusion from that of the Court of Appeal in the first 5 cases. Cape also sought a stay of the first 5 cases on the grounds that the Court of Appeal had been misled as to the true nature of the case. The Judge granted a stay of all the actions including the 5 Lube claims. SA is divided into 9 sepa rate provincial jurisdictions, each of which exercises jurisdiction over a Claimant if; the cause of action arose in the jurisdiction and, the Defendant is based, or has assets in the jurisdiction, or the Defendant submits to that jurisdiction. However, in the case of the Northern Cape Provincial Division, mere submission will not suffice. There, money will also have to be lodged in a bank account and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“attachedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  by the Claimants in order for the N Cape Court to have jurisdiction. However, Buckley J concluded that once he had decided to stay the action, the manner of its progress in South Africa was a matter for the SA Courts. Buckley J said he was also à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“comfortedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  by decisions of the US Courts in which public policy considerations had influenced the decision of the courts to stay proceedings in favour of the alternative forum. The specific reference to the Bhopal case was perhaps surprising given that it is widely known th at the settlement of these [1] Refer to the ruling of Lord Halsbury, in Salomon vs A. Salomon Co. Ltd [1897] [2] Refer to WordWeb Online Dictionary [3] Refer to https://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/liability.asp [4] Refer to https://thelawdictionary.org/ [5] Refer to https://www.tradingeconomics.com/country-list/gdp-annual-growth-rate [6] Mac Donald et al (2000) pp. 20-31 [7] Scovazzi (1991) pp. 413-421 [8] Ong (2001) pp. 697 [9] Friedman (2011) pp. 55-56 [10] Refer to Article (6) of Civil Liabilities Convention [11] Ong (2001) pp. 700 [12] Mc Mehta v Union of India and MC Mehta v Kamal Nath Ors.

Thematic Correlations Between As I Lay Dying And The Old...

Since its original publication in 1930, the novel As I Lay Dying by William Faulkner has drawn much exploration and critique. Though this analysis is very far reaching and broad in topic, one interesting route of investigation is the novels connection to the Old Testament. One does not have to be a Christian to study the similarities in theme; there are very many occurrences of biblical subject matter and correlation, these having been studied by student and scholar alike. The Old Testament is known commonly as the more historical part of the Bible; it sets up the background knowledge to the New Testament and gives readers an idea of the nature of the times. Many general themes of the Old Testament are reflected in the Bible as a whole,†¦show more content†¦He was a product of Addies infidelity to Anse, an act that was on Addies mind until the day she died. The guilt she felt, even to the husband she had no love for, was so overwhelming that she produced both Dewey Dell and Vardaman to negative the sin that was Jewels birth. Her self-worth was then so low that she felt she was ready to die after her recompense to Anse was finished. And now he has three children that are his and not mine. And then I could get ready to die (Faulkner 176). Addie had strong opinions on sin, as shown in her one chapter of the novel. She recounts an instance with her neighbor Cora Tull: She prayed for me because she believed I was blind to sin, wanting me to kneel and pray too, because people to whom sin is just a matter of words, to them salvation is just words too (Faulkner 176). Addies sin with Jewel seems to perplex other members of the family through their journey to bury her; Darls inability to mentally communicate with Jewel leads him to question Jewels origin. Darl also seemed to put his views into the mind of Vardaman, though the poor neglected child was confused enough. Addie and Anses relationship, as explained in Addies narrative, has an obvious lack of intimacy, closeness, and meaningfulness. This can be seen as a sin inherited by their daughter, Dewey Dell. Her sexual curiosity and naà ¯vetà © lead her to an unwanted pregnancy with a father, Lafe, who does not care about her.Show MoreRelatedLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 Pagesinformation science text series) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978–1–59158–408–7 (alk. paper) ISBN 978–1–59158–406–3 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Library administration—United States. 2. Information services— United States—Management. I. Moran, Barbara B. II. Title. Z678.S799 2007 025.1—dc22 2007007922 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data is available. Copyright  © 2007 by Robert D. Stueart and Barbara B. Moran All rights reserved. No portion of this book may be reproduced

Process flow chart Free Essays

The entire system or process of doing work should be studied before undertaking a thorough investigation of a specific operation in the process. Such an over-all study will ordinarily include an analysis of each step in the manufacturing process or system. Process Analysis Tools ;operation process chart ; Flow process chart Flow diagram OPERATION PROCESS CHART The operation process chart shows the chronological sequence of all operations, inspections, time allowances, and materials used in a manufacturing or business process, from the arrival of raw material to the packaging of the knishes product. We will write a custom essay sample on Process flow chart or any similar topic only for you Order Now The chart depicts the entrance of all components and subassembly to the main assembly. Two symbols are used in constructing the operation process Chart : an operation and an inspection. FLOW PROCESS CHART The flow process chart is a device for recording a process in a compact manner, as a means of better understanding it and improving it. The chart represents graphically the separate steps or events that occur during the performance of a task or doing a series of actions. The chart usually begins with the raw material entering the factory and follows it through every step. The process chart symbols : The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (SAME) has established the five standard symbols are described As follows: Operation An operation occurs when an object is intentionally changed in one or more of its characteristics. An operation represents a major step in the process and usually occurs at a machine or work station. Transportation A transportation occurs when an object is moved from one place to another, except when the movement is an integral part of an operation or and inspection. Inspection An inspection occurs when an object is examined for identification or is compare with a standard as to quantity or quality. Delay A delay occurs when the immediate performance of the next planned action does not take place. Storage A storage occurs when an object is kept under control such that its withdrawal requires authorization. Combined symbols Two symbols may be combined when activities are performed at the same work place or when they are performed concurrently as one activity. Example Represents a combined operation and inspection. The Process chart symbols Types of Flow Process Chart: – Product or Material type – Worker (Man) type Machine type Process chart (Material) for preparation of direct mail Flow process chart (worker) for field inspection of LUG. FLOW DIAGRAM A pictorial representation of the layout of floors and buildings, showing the locations of all activities on the flow process chart, is a flow diagram. The flow diagram is a helpful supplement to the flow process chart because it indicates backtracking and possible traffic congestion areas, and it facilitates developing an idea plant layout. Flow diagram of the old layout of a group of operations on The Grand rifle. Recoding Buffing Wheels with Emery In large factories where heavy polishing and buffing operations are required, it is customary to recoated buffing wheels with emery in the plant, thus keeping a supply of fresh wheels always available. The wheels are made of layers of fabric sewed together, and their average weight is 40 pounds. They vary in diameter from 18 to 24 inches, and width of face from 3 to 5 inches. The circumference or face of wheel is coated with glue and emery dust. The first coat of glue is allowed to set approximately one-half hour before the second coat is applied. The temperature in the room where the wheels are rued is maintained between 80 to 900, and the humidity Is also controlled. Buffing wheel Original Method The circumference of the wheel was coated with glue and then roll by hand through a shallow trough filled with emery dust, thus coating the wheel. After the glue had dried, a second coat of glue and emery dust was applied in a similar manner. The wheels were then hauled to a drying oven. And hung on tracks in the oven until the glue was thoroughly dry. Operator applies glue to circumference of worn wheel by mean of a brush Old method of recreating wheel. Operator rolls glue-covered heel back and forth in trough containing emery dust. Flow Process Chart (original method) Flow diagram of old method of recreating buffing wheels with emery. The following questions might be asked about this Job: ; Why coat the wheels by hand? ; Why handle the wheels so often? ; Could the wheels be coated on the first floor instead of on the second? Improved Method OH special coating machine was built, making it possible to apply the glue and emery to the wheel in one operation with much less time and effort than by the old method. ;Because this machine was located on the first floor teen the storage area and the drying oven, it was unnecessary to move the wheels to the second floor. ;special truck racks were used instead of regular platform trucks, eliminate much unnecessary handling of wheels. Improved Method (continue) ;The coated wheels remained on the truck racks while in the drying oven. How to cite Process flow chart, Essays Process Flow Chart Free Essays The Flow Process Chart In analysing processes, particular actions along the way are often significant, especially if you are looking to eliminate sources of waste (or muda, as the Japanese call it) such as having documents piling up in in-trays or materials being moved from pillar to post. How it works The Flow process Chart is a simple half-text, half-picture method of showing the steps in a process, using symbols to indicate the type of action being taken and text to give details of the action. The chart can selectively be used to show what happens to selected people, materials or equipment. We will write a custom essay sample on Process Flow Chart or any similar topic only for you Order Now [pic] Parts of a Flow Process Chart A particularly useful feature of the chart is that it can be drawn up as the process is happening. Thus you can follow a part around a factory floor, for example, noting how and when it is machined, stored, moved, etc. The table below shows many of the symbols that may be found in Flow Process Charts. |Symbol |Title |Description | |[pic] |Operation |A complex action or process (possibly described elsewhere), often | | | |changing something. |[pic] |Transport |Movement of people or things. May be accompanied by a distance | | | |measurement. | |[pic] |Delay |Idle time of people or machines, or temporary storage of materials. | |[pic] |Storage |Permanent storage of materials or other items. | |[pic] |Inspection |Checking of items to ensure correct quality or quantity. | [pic] |Combined operation |Overlay symbols for actions which combine types. Put the main activity | | | |outside. | |[pic] |Reject |Rejection of item. Parentheses show percentage of items rejected. Line to| | | |right l ead to consequent action. | |[pic] |Differentiated operation|Letter shows type of operation, e. g. C = clerical, | | | |M = machine, etc. |[pic] |State change |Description indicates change in state, for example a liquid cooling into | | | |a solid. | |[pic] |Alternating processes |Down-arrow indicates one of several possible actions. This can show | | | |alternative or simultaneous processes. | How to do it 1. Identify the process to be charted and the objective for charting it. 2. Identify the symbol set to be used. 3. Record the steps of the process as it happens, starting at the top of the page, with symbols on the left overlaying a vertical line with appropriate notes about what is happening to the right. Try to record significant activities which are generally of approximately equal size (unless the problem is at the detail level, do not try to capture too much detail). You can also make the diagram more useful by such tricks as numbering the different action types in sequence (for example so you can see how many times the item under examination was moved) and changing the direction of ovement arrows to show input or output activity. You can also put the time taken in each activity to the left of the symbol. [pic]Using the Flow Process Chart 4. If you are watching the process as it happens, you may want to repeat the analysis several times to ensure you have captured the normal chain of events. 5. Analyse the final chart, for example totalling times taken in non-value-adding activities such as storage, movement and inspection. How to cite Process Flow Chart, Essays

Social Influences on Behavior free essay sample

An 1800’s novelist; Herman Merville wrote â€Å"We cannot live for ourselves alone, for our lives are connected by a thousand invisible threads†. A social psychologist studies how the human behavior changes based on social situations. They closely analyze how people respond to the unexpected situations. As social beings we do this type of anyalizing everyday; questioning another persons actions, was that man flirting with me, did that woman just give me a dirty look? This essay will outline the basic concepts of the social influences on human behavior. People tend to follow the lead of others, if one person in a group stares out the window, soon others will follow this lead, or if there is one person yawning, laughing or even coughing, soon others will copy these actions. A bartender will put money in his own tip cup in order for it to appear that others have already tipped him, this â€Å"seed† money will elicite others to conform to giving a tip. Conformity is when we change our actions, thinking and behavior to match a group or individual. People comply for various reasons, such as to avoid rejection, to be accepted, or even to keep a job or social status. This type of behavior would be called normative social influences or the â€Å"social norm† expected normal social reactions and or behaviors directed by social influences. A person that refuses to conform to the social norms could face serious altercations, for example Rosa Parks a tired African American woman riding the bus refuses to give her seat to a white man. During that era this was unheard of and she was arrested and fined, ultimatly her actions gained followers and the Cival Rights Movement began. However, if it haden’t been for her brave actions to go against the social norm, society may have progressed in a much different direction. One person’s actions or behavior can have a tremendous impact on an entire culture or society as a whole. Another reason that people may conform is to learn, when working in a group if a person offers reasonable insight as to why something should be changed we may decided to conform to the change as we have accepted their information as being valuble. This type of informational social ifluences allow us to make intelligent choices to change our behavior based on social Influences. A great example is the amount of people that have stopped smoking. We were educated of the dangers associated with tobacco, and people wanted changes to be made after being educated, the changes in smoking has made our society as a whole healthier. Social influences can produce either constructive or destructive behaviors in people. A group of six teenagers are walking around the mall and two of them decide they are going to steal, and the otheer four comply because they want to be accepted and they are caught. This type of submissive conformity can be destructive. Visser believes that many traditions are as ancient as humanity and in many ways the foundation of our socially acceptable behaviors. An example are proper table manners are basically universal regardless of the culture the similarities are world wide. Laws are also a way in which social influences affect human behaviors. There are two types of laws, the ones that society creates and places in writing and are enforced by the police and court system, the second is natual laws or the laws of nature such as everything eventually dies, however death should not occur through the hands of another, this initially was a natural law that of course became a written law. Our current legal system consists of criminal law and cival law. Criminal laws cover crimes that are so harmful that they are punished by sever fines, imprisonment or even death, and upheld by government agencies. Civil laws are associted with lesser crimes and are in relation to individuals. These laws both natural and written infuence our behaviors and are set boundaries by society. Professional ethics and licensure is another area in which society has influences on our behaviors. Certain professions such as lawyers, physicians, psychologists, and others have formal codes of ethics with very specific responsibilities. These ethics may or may not match our personal morals, for example a doctor may have a faith that is against abortion, but has a patient that wants information regarding an abortion, ethically the doctor must supply the patient with the information regardless of their personal beliefs. Kohlberg’s seven stage theory of moral development consists of; preconventional morality consisting of, pleasure/pain, to avoid pain or not get caught, cost/ benefit, to get rewards, conventional morality consisting of, good child, to gain acceptance, law and order, follow rules. Principled morality which consists of, social contract to promote society’s welfare, ethical principle, to achieve justice, cosmic to be true to universal principles. Social influences on our behaviors start at birth and are developed end enforced through our caregivers. Media such as music, magazines and television can have a great influence on our behaviors from what we chose to wear, to where we buy our clothes, even who we vote for in an election. Depending on which media we watch will variey on the outcome of our behaviors, so for instance if one newpaper is supporting a certain canidate or has a bias against one, we may be purswayed to follow that lead. The most deliberate attempt to influence behavior is created within our educational system. There has been rapid advancement in child development and education. This advancement has allowed us to redirect our attention to solving problems of children in society, such as creating the program called Head Start. Head Start was created to assist low-income families giving their children a head start in education, behavior and social interactions. Another institute that makes the deliberate attempt to influence our behaviors is religion. Regardless of the particular type of faith that you chose they all have ethical and moral views that are expected to be followed. The catholic religion believes in monogomy, no abortions, abstannce until marriage. Many followers live by these beliefs and their behaviors revolve around their religious beliefs. Society accepts these behaviors and often respects the dediction to the individuals faith. Social facilitation is the phomomina of people prefoming at a higher level through the encouragement of an audience and or support of others. This of course is most influentian with people who hold high regards to what others percieve of them. I witness this type of behavior on a regular basis but in two very different settings. The first setting is at my daughter’s soccer games. When the team has played more than half the game and is losing badly, they often continue the second half of the game in one of two ways, however this is greatly influenced on the parents cheering and encouragment to not give up. If there are only a few parents in attendance and they are quiet the team will basically give up and put little to no effort into the second half of the game, however if there is a lot of cheering the girls will â€Å"fight† to the end putting their best efforts forward. The second setting that I see at work is when a child is consistantly told by family members that they are not able to do their school work, or follow the rules. These children receive little encouragement and often doubt themselves and their own abilities. However, I always ask them if they think they can do it, and then I say that I know they can. I tell them that if they try their hardest and do their best then they are not a failure. I take on the role of their personal cheerleader, and often their behaviors will change dramatically. Typically I would say that behaviors that warrant a theraputic intervention are behaviors that cause harm to individuals or others. Harm can be psyical, emotional, or jepordize a persons health. If the person is exhibiting behaviors that are not dangerous or harmful, but instead may just be out of the social norm, yet they are capable of functioning in society even if on a very basic level then there should be no need for any type of theraputic intervention. If the individual personally seeks out help on their own, then of course assistance should be given.

Discrimination Management

Question: Analyze and evaluate laws that protect against discrimination in the workplace. Examine and assess employee rights to health and safety in the workplace. Analyze environmental protection laws and assess their impact on organizations. Use technology and information resources to research issues in law, ethics, and corporate governance. Write clearly and concisely about law, ethics, and corporate governance using proper writing mechanics. Answer: The term stakeholder is of wide significance in theories of management. The term signifies, individuals, organizations or groups whose interests must be taken care of by the leaders or managers of the organization. R. Edward Freeman in Strategic Management: A Stakeholder Approach 1984 has defined the term stakeholder as being an individual or group who have the potential to affect or are affected by the accomplishment of the objectives of the organization. Stakeholders may also be referred to be individuals or groups who possess the potential to affect the future of an organization. Sans this power, an individual or group is not a stakeholder. Stakeholders of PharmaCARE Investors: They invest money in the organization because the organization promises them an income in return. Managers: The management may as well derive income from the success of the organization, and thus they put in their efforts. Employees Workers: Employees serve the organization and get paid in lieu of such service. Customers: The organization meets its obligation with the money provided by the customers. Suppliers: They supply goods or raw materials to the organization and derive income. Families of the Employees: The organization takes up a lot of time of the employee's family even if he or she is not working overtime. This time could have been otherwise spent with spouse and children. Community: The organization would not have survived without the community that provides roads, electricity, police protection, etc. Government: The government derives income from the company in the form of taxes. Special Interest Groups: The organization undertakes educational programs concerning health care and scholarships. Thus, these groups are also the stakeholders. PharmaCARE is a company based in New Jersey of the United States of America. The United States is a participant of the United States Universal Declaration of Human Rights. This Declaration primarily supports the idea that all individuals must be treated in a dignified manner and should have certain freedoms. Some of these include; the right to fair remuneration, rest and leisure and a basic standard of living. In PharmaCARE the human rights issues involved in the treatment of the executives and the Colberian workers is primarily that of discrimination. The company is not providing to the Colberian workers the basic rights to fair remuneration, proper living conditions and on the other hand, the executives are being provided with the luxuries of life. Recommendations The company can provide the Colberian workers with fair wages. The company may take steps to improve the working conditions of the workers. The company can provide the workers accommodations with electricity and water facilities. By adopting these steps, PharmaCARE can become an ethical organization. PharmaCARE on the one hand, undertakes changes in packaging processes, does recycling and other initiatives for the protection of the environment. On the other hand, it does not abide the environmental laws and regulations which have been created by the CERCLA and also violates the human rights of the Colberian workers regarding fair remuneration, proper working conditions and adequate standard of living. The initiatives of PharmaCARE regarding the environmental protection primarily requires it to abide by the CERCLA as the release of pollutions from its factories would cause greater injury to the public at large as compared to the good done by the initiatives which the company is taking in this regard. Moreover, it must also make sure that the Colberian workers human rights are not violated by its company policies. The basic purpose of the CERCLA is to cleanse the environment of the hazardous releases into the environment that may endanger the health of the public. Thus, it is essen tial that the company abides by this law. Together with the initiatives it is taking as regards environmental issues, and the following of the CIRCLA rules the company can become an environment-friendly company. UTILITARIANISM provides that morality is a means to an end but is not an end in itself. No action is deemed to be intrinsically right or wrong by this theory. The rightness of an action, as per this theory depends upon the good that results from such action. Now analyzing the actions of PharmaCARE towards the indigenous communities of Colberia with respect to the theory of utilitarianism theory, we may say that its actions are not ethical. The reason being that the actions are not generating good for the greatest number of people, the company executives who are fewer in number the enjoying the luxuries of life and the Colberian workers are unable to procure the basic requirements of life. DEONTOLOGICAL theory of ethics emphasizes that duty should be performed for the sake of performing it and not by concentrating on the consequence. The action of PharmaCARE when analyzed against the concept of deontological theory of ethics, we may deduce that its actions are not ethical. It is the duty of the company to take care that the human rights of the workers are not violated by its policies. But in this case, the company is not abiding by its duty of ensuring the human rights of the workers. VIRTUE ethics is concerned more with the person rather than the actions or consequences. Virtue ethics requires an individual to act in such a manner as a virtuous person would do in similar circumstances. The actions of the company when viewed with respect to the virtue ethics we may say that the said actions are not ethical. The actions of the company are not at all the actions of virtues. It is not virtuous to not pay proper wages to workers or not provide them with proper working conditions. ETHICS OF CARE is regarded to be one of the types of virtue ethics. This type of ethics lays emphasis on the significance of response. Individuals have dependence and interdependence on each other. Thus, when one is dependent upon the choices made the other, the latter must consider the interest of the former while making decisions. Attentiveness, competence, responsibility and responsiveness are the characteristics of this category of ethics. Now analyzing the actions of PharmaCARE in the light of ethics of care, we may say that its actions are not at all ethical. The Cloberian workers are a vulnerable group and are dependent upon the decisions taken by the company in this regard. The company must have taken into consideration their interests while making decisions. However, the company is exploiting them. Thus, their actions are not ethical as regards the ethics of care. MY ETHICAL VIEWPOINT does not as well support the actions of the PharmaCARE with respect to the Cloberian workers. It is not ethical from any respect to violate the human rights of individuals and to undermine their interests and well-being. They do not pay them the proper wages or provide them with proper working conditions or accommodations. All these actions are not at all ethical. I would analyze the actions taken by PharmaCARE with Mansato Company, which is an agricultural biotechnological and Agro Chemical Corporation based in the United States. This company is one of the most unethical companies in the world. The company is into the business of manufacturing genetically modified foods. In fact, it leads the world production of genetically modified foods. The company sues such farmers who intend to grow food ethically and organically. Even though Monsanto does not win the legal battle, it makes sure that the small farmers become bankrupt as a consequence of bearing the litigation expenses. The company is also the manufacturer of herbicide, called, Roundup which is a weed killer. Research has revealed that the said weed killer is harmful to both the environment and the human beings. In fact, studies show that this weed killer has the potential to cause the death of an unborn child as well. The World Health Organization has revealed that the glyphosate contain ed in Roundup may cause cancer in human beings. Now, comparing the activities of the two companies, i.e., Monsanto Co. and PharmaCARE, we may say that both companies are acting unethically. However, the degree is varying. In case of Monsanto, the degree is higher. They are directly causing harm to human health and not abiding by the environmental laws. Human life is at stake. However, PharmaCARE is primarily violating the human rights of the Colberian workers and is not abiding by the rules and regulations of CERCLA. Though these are pretty much, unethical practices yet are far less grave as compared to the actions of Monsanto Co. Monsanto is also not allowing other farmers to grow organic food and thus is violating their human rights as well as fundamental rights. PharmaCARE may become an ethical company by making few changes in its policy, but the same is not true for Monsanto Co.The only similarity between the actions of both the companies is that they are acting unethically and are violating human rights. Their actions are une thical as regards all the theories of ethics.