Problems and Solutions with G4S

Every two years an Olympic host city led to a heated discussion in mainstream media and academic works. This paper aims to know and explore the overwhelming challenges and opportunities faced by the London Organizing Committee of the Olympic Games (LOCOG), especially the security chaos that its security contractor company G4S PLC’s fail to provide all the staff promised. After analysis of the problem, this study will provide detailed information and some feasible strategies, completing with the critical evaluations of the merits and demerits of some solutions. 2. IntroductionThe London Organising Committee of Olympic and Paralympic Games (LOCOG) is responsible for preparing and staging the London 2012 Games, which is based in Canary Wharf along with the Olympic Delivery Authority. Along with the coming games, several unpredictable problems come out into public view. It is obviously the biggest concern has always got to be a safe and secure game. As a result of this serious iss ue, the world’s largest security company, G4S, is contracted by London 2012 Locog to keep the games safe. This study aims at analyze the problems founded during the contract and examining the appropriate solutions and recommendations.This analysis will consist of eight sections, findings of the evidences and the methods. * First of all, the paper outlines the background of both LOCOG and G4S. * Secondly, the specific descriptions of the problems given above, which presents the troubles it has encountered from different perspectives in the past days. * Finally, reasonable solutions to the problems with some basic assessments. Although the excellent image given by London during these Olympics have already ensure they successfully underwent the challenges, in any case, recommendations will probably beneficial for both LOCOG and the host city in the long-term run. . Background to the problem 3. 1 Brief description of the problems It began with a scandal concerning security when t he contractor firm G4S, which had a ? 284m contract to provide as many as security guards but could not supply enough personnel, apologized for the mishandling of its contractual obligations regarding the Olympic events. Furthermore, the G4S boss Nick Buckles said he regretted ever taking on the Olympic security contract, which was described as a â€Å"humiliating shambles†. In this case, it led to a further 3,500 troops being employed and among 17,000 troops are involved in helping keep the Olympics safe.Meanwhile a further 1,200 military personnel are on standby. 3. 2 Details about the relevant company and organisation ‘We will deliver the best possible Olympic and Paralympic Games experience for everyone involved, ensuring a real legacy and inspiring people to join in and truly make these ‘’everyone’s Games’’’ (LOCOG, 2012) . ‘With operations in more than 125 countries and 657,000 employees, we specialize in outsourced b usiness processes and facilities in sectors where security and safety risks are considered a strategic threat.In more ways than you might realise, G4s is securing your world’ (G4S, 2012). 3. 3 Reasons to explore the problem G4S claim it was a tight schedule and deploying security for the Games is a complex business, but, for such a successful experienced security company with huge contracts around the world, why has their recruitment process so badly failed? Furthermore, in terms of the organisers LOCOG, whether public utilities could be handed over to profit-driven private enterprise? 4. Analysis of the issue 4. 1 G4S’s recruitment and management ‘chaos’ Securing Your World’ is G4S’s maxim (G4S, 2012). However, it seems that the world’s largest security company failed at this time, especially regarding its own world. Although G4S started on the recruitment of management personnel as soon as it took over the order at the end of 2010, t he on-site security guards began to recruit until the beginning of the year (BBC, 2012). The recruitment drive hit the headlines for using a variety of online, printed and outdoor medias, thereby, G4S had made a successful attraction campaign which received more than 100,000 applications (MPs, 2012).They adopted a Just in Time (JIT) management model, which means not to do recruitment until the last moment, thus to avoid the redundant management cost and to deliver maximize efficiency. G4S hired college students and foreign nationals in low reward which was ? 8. 5 per hour compared with the legal minimum hourly wage was ? 6. 19 (BBC, 2012). The recruitment process seemed to be such a complex and unprecedented contract with required so many training, vetting and accredited personnel. Many people then realized it was a serious undertaking.Besides, the labour contract of the successful candidates was only a temporary contract during the Olympic Games, which the wages were pay by actual working day. What’s more, there was no salary during the training and the employees need to pay the uniform fee. The problem is not do G4S unable to recruit enough staffs, even those who are being hired, G4Sl still cannot guarantee the final attendance. Many employees who have completed training and contracted to work for G4S, were not being deployed. According to the recruiters’ experience in G4S, many of them had received no schedules, uniforms or training on x-ray machines.Meanwhile, they had been allocated to venues hundreds of miles from where they lived (BBC, 2012). 4. 2 Contract ‘chaos’ G4S originally signed a contract with LOCOG in 2010 to provide 2,000 security guards and the number raise to 10,400 in December 2011 with the contract now worth ? 284 million (BBC, 2012). The change in the number of personnel required by LOCOG along with the complex procedures required to be done by the applicants are key to understanding the failure of G4S’s matter. This let no time for even a giant private company such as G4S to provide sufficient number by around 400% increased.What's more, the government has agreed to the JTL approach that the security workforce would be in training until the last moment, which was supposed to reduce the security budget (BBC, 2012). A report published by Public Accounts Committee which is responsible for evaluating whether if government spending provides value for money, detailed that it was very concerned about the request for increased by LOCOG and warned that the Olympic budgets get overspend, it also raised concerns about its management of those funds (PAC, 2012).There exists a failure in contract negotiation of further workers between the supplier ‘G4S’ and the consumer ‘LOCOG’. The status has been stated (BBC, 2012) as this is standard practice for any company, which the practice of delayed hiring however will struggle to cope when the contract requirements change in c lose proximity to the event. However, Lord Coe (2012) has promised a ‘safe and secure Games’ despite the failure of G4S. He also insisted that ‘the right and appropriate thing to do is to put the challenge in proportion and to work together to ensure sufficient security guards’. Description and evaluation of some solutions 5. 3 Aims of the solutions In order to ensure the best performance in Olympic Games, several possible suggestions are provided to be reference. The private security in industry is large, fast-growing, and global, in the meantime, it is also perplexed by high turnover and poor training, so that the role of G4S function during the Olympics need to be well formulated and under supervision. 5. 4 As for G4S 5. 5. 1 To admit the possible problems within relative short time.G4S seemed to use the brinkmanship tactics as it didn’t admit their problems until a fortnight before the opening ceremony. Earlier research (Henderson, 1967) demonstr ated that brinkmanship in business is pushing a negotiation to the point of nearly killing a deal in order to achieve the most favorable terms when that deal is finally agreed upon. Brinkmanship often produces a negotiator’s great successes, but it can result in the worst mistakes, which exactly did by G4S, therefor must be used carefully.A risk management (defined in ISO 31000) or at least a risk assessment can be carried out, to mitigate risks under Brinkmanship strategy. Developing an effective Risk Management Plan (RMP) is an important part of any project. RMP is one of the nine knowledge areas defined in PMBOK (PMI, 2008). Firstly, a special risk management team is need to be establish, which may include employees from departments such as audit, information systems, finance and human resources. Secondly, perform a critical risk analysis which should identify, asses and measure the likelihood of an impact that event would have during period of contract.Thirdly, develop pr oper risk strategies, including risk transfer, insurance, retention, loss control, and avoiding risky activities. Also, the strategies program needs to be monitored closely, as all changes will be made keeping in mind the practical aspects of the program. Fourthly, implement a good employee training program. It is noticed that G4S has a really poor employee management which has drawn much attentions from public. There is no substitute for trained, knowledgeable personnel in a disaster.Therefore, RMP helps minimizing losses and reduces the negative effects of risks. However, it is only effective if both the company G4S and the staff act on the findings. It is important for company to follow through with any actions required and review the assessment on a regular basis. Also it faces difficulty in allocating resources and determining the rate of occurrence since statistical information is not available on all kinds of past incidents. 5. 5. 2 The poor operations management needs to be improved.One of the major methods is to improve the internal system, which is reported (BBC, 2012) by the Independent to be the root cause, had not delivered accurate management information back up to senior planners about the true state of recruitment, as a result in a barrier between outsource and services provider. It is quite unreasonable that such a big company has not established a completed internal system. Methods such as establishing a system of incident reporting, performing root cause analysis, defining intended results and establishing performance measures can be taken into practice.Nevertheless, whether an organization achieves operational and strategic objectives may depend on factors outside the enterprise, such as technological innovation which is outside the scope of internal system. Therefore, effective internal system cannot guarantee the achievement of the goals. Suitable staff recruitment and training programs are necessary to be instituted as it can provide war ning of deficiencies and allow chance to rectify the matter. The recruitment process and staff performance should be based on objective criteria assessment.Starting a complete and orderly interview process early and offer the certain training required 3-4 months before the date on people who are still available, therefore at least keep in contact with them so you know if they are available or not. 5. 5 As for LOCOG Cooperation and negotiations are of essential required during the contract period. The failure of the Olympic contract undertakes together by both sides. There is a need for constant directly communication and re-negotiate etween the LOCOG and G4S at high level to check on the existing contract and the progress. Effective contract monitoring can be apply to probably solve the situation. ‘When a public body purchases a service for vulnerable adults from an independent provider, the public body has moral and legal accountability for the duty of care and quality of the service. No matter how far the contract may try to locate legal responsibilities solely with the provider, the purchaser has responsibilities for what does and does not happen.Efficient and effective contract monitoring enables public bodies to fulfill and be comfortable with such responsibilities. ’ (Doug, 2006) Appropriate actions include inspecting and documenting results, making recommendations, providing technical assistance and training, advocating for programs, staff or inmates, and reviewing and preparing documentation. The monitor is also in the position of providing continuous feedback both to and from the Contractor and the Department.It does not direct operations of the Facility, but is more in the observer or the consultant role. 6. Conclusion To sum up, this study has examined the reasons why G4S failed from the contract with LOCOG by analyzing G4S’s recruitment and management chaos and the contract chaos. Meanwhile, the study has put forward several spe cific solutions to each problem, in which a RMP should be used to lower the risk, staff recruitment and training programs should be applied along with an effective contract monitoring. 7. RecommendationsA recommendation is made that the since the company seemed to brinkmanship strategy, a risk management plan therefore should be applied to reducing the potential risks It is proposed that the company needs to pay attentions to its operations management, including recruitment management and training programs, using technique such as risk management plan and just-in-time model to improve the performance of management. It would be helpful for both G4S and LOCOG to maintain a closely relationship which may be established by constant communication, or a special contract monitor. . Reference LOCOG, 2012. What is LOCOG responsible for? [online] Available at: ; http://www. london2012. com/about-us/the-people-delivering-the-games/locog/; [Accessed 20 August 2012]. G4S, 2012. Who we are. [onli ne] Available at: ; http://www. g4s. com/en/Who%20we%20are/; [Accessed 20 August 2012]. BBC, 2012. G4S profile. BBC, [online]17 July. Available at: ; http://www. bbc. co. uk/news/business-18868406; [Accessed 20 August 2012]. Public Accounts Committee, 2012, Committee reports on preparations for London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games.London: The house of Commons. Robert, B. , Nick, H. , 2012. Olympic security chaos: depth of G4S security crisis revealed, theguardian, [online]13 July. Available at: ; http://www. guardian. co. uk/sport/2012/jul/12/london-2012-g4s-security-crisis; [Accessed 20 August 2012]. Henderson, B. D. , 1967. Brinkmanship in Business. Chester: The Boston Consulting Group. Project Management Institute, 2012. PMI Risk Management Professional. [online] Available at: http://www. pmi. org/certification/pmi-risk-management-professional-pmi-rmp. aspx; Accessed 24 August 2012] James, B. , 2012. Olympic task G4S’s problems were in training and vetting candidates, not in the original recruitment campaign. People Management, August Issue, p. 9. Care Services Improvement Partnership, 2006. Improving performance through effective contract monitoring. [pdf]. Available at: ; http://www. puttingpeoplefirst. org. uk/_library/Resources/BetterCommissioning/BetterCommissioning_advice/Chap10DGosling. pdf; [Accessed 22 August 2012]. Hannon, C. , 2012. Lessons from the G4S Olympic recruitment disaster.

Mysteries in Life

Mystery In Life Mystery of Life Elite is a wonderful gift tot God that given to us, even elite on earth or in heaven. Elite is the source of existence of every living creature. Life Is almost close to perfect as I have seen but you cannot deny the fact that life is not perfect. However. Life has its own mystery and mystery is Just unknown truth that we do not know yet or perhaps truth that will remain undiscovered forever. It is the domain responsible for man's curiosity and stupidity. Our life becomes more mysterious because of man's questions and lies, The curiosity of a man can lead him into his own stupidity.Many people wonder about the beginning of something or the destination of it but no one wonders about the purpose of existing something. Man starts to wonder when he does not know why those things happen, when he has an unanswered question or unsolved problems. We wonder because our minds are not capable enough to understand such thing called mystery. We are living now to the world that has a great number of secrets around us. Even though some of the questions before are answered now there are still mysteries that continue to reproduce.As time goes by, people still encounter those enigmatic facts, which make them curious and most of the time it makes them weird especially when they started to feel it and to tell it with somebody that close to them. It is very unusual to meet something that Is unique or a thing that hard to explain precisely and difficult for anyone to believe in It. Because of this, It may remain forever a mystery†¦ Origin of Humans For centuries, rolling of human Is soul a big question mark In our society. In fact, there are many theories and legends about the origin of man.The religion and the science have a rivalry about the derivation of humanity. Religion especially Christianity lamed that man was create by God (Heehaw). Scriptures say that man was create out tot mud and Adam and Eve were the great ancestor of mankind. However , science opposed It. According to Charles Darwin, a scientist, man Is actually comes from the apes and eventually evolved Into man, but this theory does not have a strong evidence because there is a missing link that Charles Darwin is not able to figure out. One more evidence that religion and science is not really agreeing each other is the origin of the universe.Based on bible, universe was create by God on the first day of His creation. While science has many theories about the creation of universe but they all contribute that universe isn't made by God. This phenomenon has been the main reason of man's maze. The conflict between the religion and science became the mystery of origin of life. They don't know which statement they will believe because some people do not really know which is really true. But the worst of all, ignorant people believe on the lies about human. Religion is like a bridge where the other side of it is you God, waiting for you.It is like a road to your fin al destination, a paradise, which is so beautiful and peaceful; all round you was cover with love. Humans were not much different from the other humans, but their beliefs made the most of their difference. In fact, because of these differences they declare a war from each other, thus it produces anger, sadness longing for someone, hatred, hindrances, and new that is why love is being vanished. Christianity is the one of the major religion in the world that believes in Jesus- Christ, Christianity is actually derived from Judaism but they are not the same.Islam the religion of the Muslims and has a great number of believer. It is also the religion he dominating the world in terms of followers. Hinduism is the religion that believes in the three Gods, (Brahmas, Shiva, and Vishnu). It is the dominant religion in India. Buddhism is the dominant religion in South-East Asia, however Philippines is the only Christian country in South-East Asia. In China, there were three religions, which ar e Confucianism, Taoism, and Legalism. There are actually some religions but they were not embrace by the other people. Nevertheless, some people do not have a religion.The Atheist is the non-believer people they believe only in humanity. I think religion is Just only geography. For example, if you will born in a Christian country probably you are a Christian and if you are born in a Muslim country you are probably a Muslim. People were so confused and hungry for the truth because of these differences. Meaning of Love According to the dictionary, the literal meaning of love is an emotion of a strong affection and personal attachment. Love is also said to be a virtue representing all of human kindness, compassion, and affection.Love may describe compassionate and affectionate actions towards other humans. If I ask someone who's in love they would say this words. But if I ask someone who's heartbroken and I say, What's love? Do you think his/her answer is different now? What if I ask y ou what's love? What would be your answer? To love someone unconditionally meaner that you love the person exactly as they are, exactly as they were before, and exactly as they will be in the future because people change all the time, so if you love the person, you will love them even if they become something you disagree with. Love is not about you, your pleasure, or your amusement.It is not about what you get out of it or what the other person can give to you. It's not about having a trophy you can show off with and tell people This is my girlfriend, boyfriend, wife, husband, son, daughter, whatever. You do not own anyone. It's not about you feeling proud to be with someone who always agrees with everything you say and do and never does anything you disagree with. Unconditional love meaner that the person can Just live their life exactly as they choose and you will always be there for them no matter what. Beyond Death No one can confidently say that he will still be living tomorro w.We must do things final stage of life. It is the absence of life. If you are afraid to faced death, it meaner you do not want to see God then. Death is the only way to see God. After you die you will not leave home, you are now going home. The ‘Near Death Experience' is phenomenon where people rose from the death after they have declared dead. There is a story about NEED; a woman, who is suffering from certain disease, is schedule to operate. As the operation goes by the woman felt that there was unidentified force that lift her up in to the top of the hospital, and then she saw a shoe on the rooftop.Woman serves as a spectator when she saw the operation of her win body on the bed, trying to revive her, but it wasn't end successful. The doctor proclaimed her death, suddenly the woman grabbed the doctor's hand and the doctor was shocked because the woman came back to life , then the woman started to tell what she had experienced. The woman precisely explained about the operat ion and the tools that had use to her. The woman also, mention about the shoe on the rooftop, then the doctor goes up trying to find the shoe. Suddenly, he saw a shoe, and then he asks to the woman if the shoe she saw is the shoe he is holding on.The woman replied yes. All of the staff in that hospital was amazed of what was happen to the woman and how the woman cheated death. There are really mysteries in our life and beyond death that cannot be explained by anyone. Heaven and Hell The heaven and the hell are the two final destination of a man. They are the two choices of eternity. Life there is both eternal. Heaven is a place or a condition of supreme happiness and peace where good people are believe to go after death, and especially in Christianity, where God and the angels are believed to dwell.Heaven is he sky and the universe as seen from earth or the place where God, divine beings, and saved souls live. On the other hand, Hell is the place of eternal punishment for the wicked after death, presided over by Satan. If a soul is in hell, it can never go to heaven. People are so confused because they don't know where they are heading to. They say, they want to go in heaven but their act like hell and they also saying that they do not want to go in hell, but their action are still the same. The real question is there really a heaven or hell. If there, where is it?Why it is hidden or why we have to go here? These two places affect the destiny of a man together with his way of living. However, some people do not believe in this place. They Just believe that death is the final destination of man and nothing else would be. They have some points on what they are saying if you Just believed in you and yourself alone. However, for me, death is not the final destination of humanity it is whether heaven or hell. Moreover, if you really want to saved, have faith in Him; change now the way of your living. If not now, when would it be? Life is too short don't waste it.Yo u must hurry up before all things messed up. Surprises of Future Wicked you be surprised if the future has a plan for you? Maybe you will be happy or sad of what future will bring unto you. We are all busy now trying to ensure our future. We do a lot of works and we consume our time Just to accomplish it. We are We do not know yet our future or rather no one knows what is going to be in the future. If someone already knows his future, it would Just be a disadvantage for him because he is cheating his own destiny and cheating is a sin. All we can do is to live our life with perseverance and love.

Descriptive Research Article Essay

Descriptive research plays an important role in educational research because it has greatly increased our knowledge about what happens in the classroom. What is descriptive research? Descriptive research can involve collecting quantitative information, or it can describe categories of information such as patterns of interaction when using technology in the classroom. Although it may employ fundamentals of both quantitative and qualitative research, descriptive research does not fit neatly into the definition of either quantitative or qualitative research methodology. Descriptive research takes a â€Å"what is† approach. Types of questions that may be addressed using descriptive research include: What is the best way to provide access to computer equipment in schools? Do teachers hold favorable attitudes toward using computers in schools? What have been the reactions of school administrators to technological innovations in teaching? Using descriptive research methodologies with the educational setting may be advantageous for several reasons. Educational research and experiences may contain many variables that cannot be realistically controlled, educational research may require observations of life experiences, and data collection may be spread over a large number of people over a large geographic area. Descriptive research may be used most effectively within the educational setting because educational research experiences cannot be as realistically controlled as laboratory experiments. In contrast to laboratory experiences, descriptive research is valuable because it allows for the human element of research. Four of the most common ways to collect information for descriptive research include surveys, interviews, observations, and portfolios. These may be used singly or in various combinations depending on the research question to be addressed. Used in the simplest way, surveys may be used to reveal summary statistics by showing responses to all possible questionnaire items. For instance, 30% of the participants agreed, 50% disagreed, and 20% had no opinion. Descriptive results of this type are typical of survey research in education and often provide leads in identifying needed changes. Survey data may also be used to explore relationships between two or more variables. Rather than limit their research to one variable, researchers can investigate relationships in the survey data and have a more substantial research contribution. Two critical components of survey research are sound methodology and well- designed data collection instruments. Data collection instruments should be designed to collect information in a way that will yield quantifiable results, and they should be distributed to all subjects so that data can be summarized and compared. Surveys can be in the form of written questionnaires, personal interviews, or telephone interviews. Factors to be considered in choosing a data collection method include: sampling, type of population, question form, question content, response rates, costs, available facilities, length of data collection, and computer-assisted techniques for data collection. Face-to-face interviews and telephone interviews are a second method of data collection. Interviews are more time efficient, allow the research to establish a rapport with the respondent, and allow the acquisition of more in-depth information. They also allow the interviewer to observe the respondent and obtain visual cues. Disadvantages of personal interviews are that they require more staff time and travel. Telephone interviews may be particularly advantageous because they are less expensive and less time consuming. They can also employ random dialing for a more random survey sample. However, limitations exist because of limited telephone access and the interviewer’s inability to observe the respondent and obtain visual cues. Mailed questionnaires provide some particularly important advantages, including the ability to reach large numbers of people across a wide geographic region. Other advantages include the ease and low cost of distribution, the minimal amount of staff and facilities needed, and the ability of respondents to respond in their own time frame. Disadvantages include lower response rate and the need to take design a survey instrument with a simple format. A letter of transmittal should accompany mailed questionnaires. The letter of transmittal should state the purpose and importance of the research, the importance of responding to the research, a time frame to respond, a confidentiality statement, an offer to share results, and a thank-you to the respondent. To obtain the best results, good surveys should use good questioning techniques. They should use complete sentences and offer a limited set of answers. Surveys should be interesting and should be worded so that the questions mean the same to everyone. They should inform participants about the kinds of answers that are appropriate and should provide definitions for any terms that might be confusing. The third way to collect information for descriptive research, observational research methods, has long been used across a number of disciplines. Observational methods are concerned with naturally occurring behaviors observed in natural contexts or in contexts that are contrived to be realistic. Since observational research methods require direct observation of behavior, many consider it superior to other methods because the data are gather directly without intermediary instruments such as tests or questionnaires. Observational research methods can yield a wealth of valuable information, but it can be a complicated process. Some problems associated with observational research include defining and developing coding schemes, training observers, experiencing technical errors. Yet observational research can yield invaluable descriptions that other research methodologies cannot. Observational research methods can be employed productively to support many purposes in the area of educational technology. It can be used to determine how people interact with technology in various stages of design and implementation. Research questions may consist of questions such as: How do learners interact with a new hardware system? How do learners respond to and interact with a specific program? Observation makes it possible both to explore the implementation of a particular technological innovation and assess the instructional outcomes. Two types of observational research are structured observations and unstructured observations. Structured observations are rigid and controlled. A hypothesis, methods for recording data and analyzing data, as well as, what, how, when, and where to observe are established before the observation takes place. Unstructured observations are used to determine unselective, detailed, continuous description of behavior. Unintended effects are best detected through unstructured observation. However, a disadvantage of unstructured observation is the time and labor required to collect and analyze sets of extensive observations. Once observational variables are identified, an observation form can be developed. These may be paper and pencil or electronic forms. With some observation forms, the observer must evaluate behavior on a rating scale. If a rating scale is used as part of the scoring procedure, a 3-point rating scale with categories such as â€Å"above- average,† â€Å"average,† and â€Å"below-average,† are often sufficient. Newer mediated observation techniques are now available. Behaviors can be recorded using audio and/or videotape. Computers offer the advantage of on-line monitoring which is the process of capturing characteristics of the human-computer interaction automatically. Keystroke records, audit trails, and logging data are terms used to describe on-line monitoring. Position-tracking devices make it possible to record human performance precisely and in great detail. In the naturalistic contrived research approach, unbeknownst to the subject, the researcher manipulates the situation to ensure that certain events will occur. Naturalistic observations can require many hours of observation to record a short, 2-minute event. For example, you want to observe teachers’ responses to deviant student behavior such as cheating, fighting, or abusing computer equipment. Since these behaviors occur at a very low frequency in most classrooms, a great deal of observer time would be needed to gather data on a reasonable sample of such behavior. Situational testing is another form of contrived observation in which the subjects are aware that they are playing a role. The researcher â€Å"devises a situation and assigns appropriate roles to the subjects, who are asked to play the roles to the best of their ability.† Typically, all participants except the person being tested have been trained to play their roles. The situations are manipulated to observe the specific behavior that the researcher is interested in observing. An advantage to situational testing is that by setting up the situation, the behavior can be controlled. The fourth descriptive measure of student work based on actual performance is the student portfolio. Portfolios consist of learner-created products that reflect the processes of learning and development over time. Portfolios have been recommended as a way to integrate learning and assessment since portfolios offer students an opportunity to learn about their own learning while they require active student responsibility and self- assessment. Portfolios serve as measures of student progress. They can take many forms such as game performances, multimedia projects, artwork, compositions, etc. Although descriptive research is growing in importance, many research questions involve questions about cause. Yet descriptive research can play a role because it can provide information from another perspective. Two possible reasons exist for the increase in popularity of descriptive research studies. First educational researchers realize that scientific methods of research do not adequately measure what is happening in the classroom. Secondly, new technologies have led to new classroom activities that necessitate new methods of analysis. This article suggests that if current trends continue, descriptive research methodology will grow in popularity and use.

The French government remains a good European. However, French voters Essay

The French government remains a good European. However, French voters have become increasingly Eurosceptic. Discuss - Essay Example A soft Eurosceptism can be explained as where activists are not against European assimilation or membership in EU and would advocate that national interest should be given primary priority. (Taggart and Szczerbiak 2002:7). The word â€Å"skeptic â€Å"originates from the â€Å"skeptikos† Greek word which connotes inquiring and thoughtful in a normal sense, as contrasted to easy acknowledgement of debates by others. According to Webster’s dictionary, the word ‘skeptic† refers to an individual who normally questions, doubts or argue against the judgment on issues normally accepted. In other words, skepticism reminds of a philosophical canon that the truth of all wisdom must always be in doubt and that post-mortem or inquiry must be a process of doubting. Hence, Euro-skepticism or Eurosceptic can be explained as an everlasting suspicion of â€Å"Europe† as a great project, an opposition about integration of Europe, which is visualised as construction of a powerful and new political mediator in the global arena, a European Europe â€Å"that would establish a new power in a multipolar world as contrasted to the contemporary American- overshadowed unipolar setup. It is to be noted that Eurosceptic concept is not against what they visualise as pragmatic advantageous cooperation among various interests of European nations for greater prosperity and peace. However, mainstream Eurosceptic is antagonistic to the concept of attempting to establish a European –level power, i.e. a â€Å"European Europe â€Å"that would have its own provincial interests. (Tiersky 2001: 3). European Community came into the existence with France being one of the founding members of that community, and it is difficult to visulaise European integration without the presence of France and its leadership. However, France is a nation with vibrant nationalistic feelings, with long annals of

Enviromantal analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Enviromantal analysis - Essay Example The access to natural resources takes care of a wide range of critically relevant concerns in relation to the project which would cover the political, economic and environmental aspects. It has been evidently proven that there is an ethical and sustainable exploitation and sharing of natural resources by the indigenous population. Their approach towards these resources is very much environmental friendly as well. Thus communities depend on these natural resources environmentally and economically. One of the threats persisting in the implementation of the project is that this may limit or even totally prevent the access of the local community on these natural resources. This would serve as a political incorrectness of the project. Ethically, the resources are to be owned by the local population and the communities that had inhabit the place. The project holds the threat of denying this right to them. A possible way of addressing this problem is by ensuring local participation. The local people must be made aware of the potential benefits of the project. Employment possibilities must be generated for them. They must be convinced on the environmental, political and economical feasibility of the project. The initial discussions must include representatives from the local population. A project of massive level would involve displacement of the local population. They would loose their shelter and mode of living. The denial of access to the natural resources which they depended on would affect the sustainability of the population. This would moreover create a state of social insecurity among the people as well. A proper backup system for the reestablishment of the displaced communities must be ensured. Their capacity building and involvement in the project workforce would address the issue to a major extend. So as to compensate the direct economic loss in terms of access to livelihood systems, shelter, land and other resources, the victims must be properly

The US Sugar Policy - Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The US Sugar Policy - Case Study - Essay Example All capital markets are beginning to connect world wide, and this affects even those who are not globally connected. The larger economies will at some point influence those not globally invested as their performance begins to evolve and shape the global financial markets. There may be no other free-trade policy like the U.S. sugar program that illustrates such hypocrisy, and the need for reform. The United States has often prided itself as a world leader in terms of the free trade movement. The culture has always pushed for Globalization and the use of technology to integrate economies. However, there are some industries that remain well protected due to the strength of forceful interest groups and absence of pressure to reform. These protection barriers often hurt our domestic economy and counteract the efforts to promote more open markets and trade negotiations around the world. (Grombride, Mark) In this paper I will examine the flaws in the U.S. Sugar Policy and demonstrate how th ey affect domestic and international farmers. This essay will also demonstrate to show how globalization is reflected in the consumption, production and labor of the sugar industry. The U.S. Sugar policy operates under the Farm Bill, which was overwhelmingly passed in 2008 by Congress. The basic premise behind the sugar policy is that supply should equal demand. The U.S. Department of agriculture has imposed several tools in order to ensure that the sugar policy operates at a minimum cost to the taxpayers. These tools are that: first, they can limit foreign imports to those required in the trade agreement obligation with the exception of Mexico; second, they can control the amount of sugar the U.S. American farmers are allowed to sell; and third, the bill can divert any excess surplus of sugar into ethanol production. (American Sugar Alliance) These tools and policies such as the preferential loan agreements and tariff rate quotas, serve to effectively keep foreign sugar out of the U.S. In return this forces the price of sugar in our market to increase substantially. According to the World Agricultural Supply and Demand Estimates, the U.S. Production projection for sugar produced in April of 2011 was 7,950,000 short tons raw value and the import amount was 3,135,000 short tons raw value. The amount projected in export equaled just 225,000 short tons. In areas such as the Caribbean, sugar is one of their largest earning industries. However, during the past two decades, Caribbean agriculture has experienced a decline in their agricultural production. Once globalization occurred the countries in the Caribbean were greatly affected as the some of the most vulnerable producers. This was due to their limited physical size not allowing them to benefit from economies of scale. For them this translated into higher world prices for production of their main principal products. The Caribbean exported only 669,630 tones of sugar around 2000. (Ahmed, Belal) There are severa l factors that determine the international competitiveness of sugar production. Some of these factors include: tariffs and quotas, the availability of sugar as a natural resource, the cost of production, and international trade agreements. Tariffs and quotas affect the sugar market as American consumers and business are forced to purchase sugar at the U.S. average price vs. the world price. This is due to our low import of foreign sugar. Government enables have protected domestic sugar growers by placing trade restrictions

Retributive justice differ from restorative justice Essay - 1

Retributive justice differ from restorative justice - Essay Example This concept is foundational throughout the world. Restorative justice also known as reparative justice is an approach of justice whose focal point is on the wishes of the victims and the offenders and all the involved parties (â€Å"Restorative Justice Practice†). This approach does not look to satisfy the obvious legal principle that requires punishing an offender. These two forms of justice are very different from each other. The paper will focus on the differences between reparative justice and retributive justice. The proof of retributive justice laws’ popularity is evident through ancient materials. For example, in the ancient Jewish community, this is shown in the Law of Moses; the law included punishments such as life for life. The opinion of whether a punishment is appropriate or fit enough for a certain crime varies greatly between the different cultures of the world. Comparability  necessitates that the height of castigation should be leveled virtually to the severity of the offence. At times the punishment does not always have to be equivalent to the offence (Retributive Justice). The retributive system makes compulsory to reprimand serious offence more callously than minor offence. Conventionally, theorists of chastisement have compared retributivism with  utilitarianism. Utilitarian believe punishment is advanced and defensible by an alleged capability to achieve future social benefits such as crime decline. Retributionists believe that punishment is archaic and only justified by the offence that was committed and in agreement with the offence committed. According to people that believe in retributive justice, the seriousness of the crime is usually determined by the amount of harm caused by the offence. Reparative justice involves the victims taking an active role in the restoration process whole the offenders are encouraged to take liability for their actions. This is by apologizing and returning property that was stolen. This form of

Fast Food in US Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Fast Food in US - Essay Example They are modeled after success, and as long as you go away with food in hand, they really could care less about the effects it has on you, or your life down the long road. This is what Eric Schlosser took a deep look into in the book Fast Food Nation. Using witty examples and biting realism, Schlosser was able to tear apart the wrapper surrounding the Big Mac that is the fast food industry. Showing the whole what they really were eating, Schlosser offered a unique journalistic look into the making, formation, and distribution of the one of the most beloved things in America: Food. The companies probably weren't expecting this to happen. They were safe under the wrappers they had made, and didn't want people to know how unhealthy the food is, and how it really is all part of a consumer fraud in a way, where the supplier is supplying the consumer with something that is unhealthy while making no attempts to change this. One of the main reasons the companies do as good as they do is their products. In today's fast paced society, everybody is busy, hustling around, always moving. We live in a very fast paced society, and time is money. And everybody needs to eat, but not everybody can find the time to sit down at an expensive meal. Money is also an issue here. Some people can't afford to eat out all the time. The state of families is not what is was years ago, and in effect, is causing more people to eat out compared to what they used to. So here comes fast food to save the day. Offering a quick and easy solution to each of these problems, fast food is quick, easy, cheap and simple. It offers a quick hamburger to a busy businessman, or to a family who only has a spare few minutes in which time they need to eat dinner. Fast food offers all of these solutions, and with new to go orders and serving sizes, the convenience only continues to grow. As popularity grows, so does the message, you can come here and get a quick food in the middle of your fast passed life. No busy lines, no busy sit down restaurants, just a cheap easy and quick meal. Than it itself offers a lot to customers and really widens the fan base of such fast food joints. Convenience and price are two factors of the product, but only a small part of the large picture of the product. Mass producing the product is important, and I am not just talking about mass producing the product actually, but in the people's minds. Images of good looking fast food sandwiches are thrown every, on build boards, on commercials on tv, on magazine ads, everywhere you look is the image of a good tasting burger. This is very in your face advertising, but when a person needs something quick, they remember that add and that image and go back to that fast food place to eat. The image of the product that is displayed is just as important as the actual product, and the fast food companies make sure to display a good quality image, and to display it all over the place, well engrained into people's memories. All of these are strong factors to the product of fast food, but one of the next items is how the food is actually presented. Although most fast food is not different from one another, they would have you believe that it is way better than the other guys, and the competition between the chains keeps more and more original

Select a Film and Analyze Relationships in the Film Essay

Select a Film and Analyze Relationships in the Film - Essay Example The Phantom hails from a cave found beneath opera house in Paris meant for dance performance. On the other side, Christine is a dancer in the opera house; a situation which hints on their possible encounter. In his cave, the Phantom dreams of controlling the way Opera house operates and this leads him to making attempts of frightening the residents in the opera house. Initially, the Phantom had escaped his master after murdering him then meeting the French girl who brought him to the cave. Since she was a resident at opera house, the film brings out several incidences in which the phantom had taught her to sing perfectly. In this case, the main reason for having a close relationship with Christine was to use condition her to changing the running of the opera house. In personality, his face was full of deformations making him more embarrassed and in dire need for an intimate relationship. This leads him to developing obsession and lust with Christine as he continued teaching her how t o sing. At the instance when new owners took over the control of the house, the Phantom fought for Christine to be put as a lead singer. This shows his sacrifice for the relationship since he ends up causing destruction in the house. The sacrifice and the growing relationship makes Christine believe that her father’s dream for an angel to protect her was coming true through the Phantom. The following is a quote made by Christine, which served as a turning point in their relationship: In most of the cases, the Phantom makes use of non-verbal communication in his relationship with Christine. A mutual attraction arises in the relationship between the two. Phantom manages to teach Christine how to sing and brings her to the limelight, while the latter makes the former more powerful because of the company. The beautiful voice of the Phantom makes Christine attracted besides the chaos he creates at the expense of bringing her to limelight. The Phantom goes to the the

Markets Organize Economic Activity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Markets Organize Economic Activity - Essay Example Firstly, a price ceiling happens when prices of commodities and other services are held below the equilibrium, in connection, these prices are not allowed to rise for the benefit of the buyers and consumers. When sellers can possibly add few cents to the current price of bread while maintaining its saleability, the government would prohibit them to do so. Anyway, there are few tactics sellers have used to make money while price has been frozen to a certain level. Some of these tactics are baking low quality breads by not following the exact measurements of several ingredients. But, consumers cannot easily spot these changes. What they have in mind is the â€Å"amount† they will exchange for that commodity. The sellers cost-cutting method can be hidden by the low-priced bread. Nevertheless, even there would cost-cutting measures, the direct result of price ceiling is shortages. When everyone can afford to buy bread, there would occur a shortage of bread supply in the market. Th ere are also instances that richer consumers would buy in excess of their regular consumptions. Secondly, lets talk about the obvious connection of the shortage of bread production to long lines. When prices of commodities are set in a price level below the equilibrium, there are more consumers who are so eager to buy bread. Even its obvious that they have to spend time to wait there turns, they are always willing to fall in line. There are various factors why many people are willing to get starve in the corner standing in the queue, even they have the option to eat in the nearby fast foods where they can be served in less than 10 minutes – they want to save every cents they can because of the inflation. While almost all the prices of products and basic commodities went higher each year, most workers salaries remain the same. There are few announcement of wage increase, however, it cannot cover up the cost of the most upward movements of prices of the major daily needs. Its

Etihad Airways Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Etihad Airways - Case Study Example His major aims were to increase the profitability and the yield by 2010. In order to satisfy this condition, James came up with a second bag charge to be imposed on the customers. The case also gives out certain aspects of the future plan of the airline. The airline has placed an order for 205 aircrafts for $43 billion. This will increase the fleet size to 100 in 5 years. This move will generate more revenue as the capacity of the airline will increase. The case says that Etihad Airlines gives much importance to customer value. They have a loyalty program for their customers which is called Etihad Guest. It includes features like, immediate rewards, no black-out periods, anytime availability, widest choice, miles plus cash, miles that are worth more and family membership. They had high end redemption awards. The case further says that the Indian market shows much stronger signs of improvement. Given, the current scenario, a passenger seat load factor of 76-77 percent is being expecte d. The Etihad Airlines is under a major issue of profitability and yield. James was hired to take the airline to profits by the year 2010. However, the chances seem to be slim. The International Air Transport Association has showed concern and has estimated that the global aviation industry will show a global net loss of $5.6 billion in the year 2010. To face the problem, James has ann... However, the chances seem to be slim. The International Air Transport Association has showed concern and has estimated that the global aviation industry will show a global net loss of $5.6 billion in the year 2010. To face the problem, James has announced the charging of second baggage to customers to increase revenue. However, the major question which it posses it is, whether such a move is profitable I the short run as well as the long run. And also what are the other options to achieve the target as well while maintaining the customer value or adding it. Literature Review Profitability is the term used to describe the ability of a company to earn profit (profitability definition). Passenger seat load factor is the measure of the airlines passenger carrying capacity being used. Second Baggage is the fees charged by an airline for carrying excessive baggage. Value proposition states that the functional and emotional benefits attached with a product or service is communicated in such a way that it appears higher than the cost of the product or service to the customer (Philip Kotler, 2009). A tool to identify ways to create more customer value is the value chain (Philip Kotler, 2009). The value chain shows the primary activities and the supporting activities of the business which together create value for the customer. Source: (Philip Kotler, 2009) Etihad Airways Strategy (Hogan, 2008) Etihad Airways does a lot of innovation to keep up the standards realistic to the market place. It has a clear policy of providing the customer with the best that there is. They have been using the below mentioned techniques: To reduce the costs they have been reducing space within the aircraft by maximizing the number of seats to the extent possible. They have been trying

American Nurses Association Essay Example for Free

American Nurses Association Essay

Theories and Principles Of Leadership And Management

Theories and Principles Of Leadership And Management Leadership is said to be a way of behaving that influence others to respond, not because they want to, but because they have to, it is seen as personal interactions between group of people which aim at improving personal interactions and focus on achieving a particular goals. Catalano (2006), define leadership as the ability of and individual to influence the behavior of others. A good leadership must possess some very important skills to be effective, this includes but not limited to critical thinking, problem solving, active listening, skillful communication, acknowledgment and respect for individual difference, establishment of clear goals and outcomes, and continue personal and professional development (Tappen 2001). While Management on the other can be define a problem oriented process with a focus on the activities needed to achieve a goal, it supply the structure, resources and direction for activities of the group. Management is aimed toward influencing employees to be as pro ductive as humanly possible Catalano (2005). There is always a relationship between leadership and management in nursing, Malby (1996) indicates that developing and fostering leadership competencies could direct nurse managers to think beyond tradition and to coordinate multidisciplinary dialogue which articulates the needs of the system and the patients whilst empowering employee. Leadership has been defined by different scholars and it has been group into theory for better understanding of its relationship to management, in this essay I will concentrate on the effect of different leadership and management theory and how it is related to nursing and healthcare system. Leadership theories Relationship-tasks orientation and Management theory Leadership and management Leadership Theory In authoritarian leadership style, the leaders maintain strong control over all aspects of the group and its activities, provide directions by giving others that the group are expected to carry out without questions (catalano 2006). This kind of leadership style should not be used in healthcare setting because of it negative influence on care giver, since healthcare is an interdisciplinary system in which group participation provide the best care for client and promote health. The mother of Nursing, Florence Nightingale has been said to use this style of leadership during her time. Her leadership and management style permeated nursing management for decades, and continued to dominate health care settings established and managed by the religious orders. Castigatory criticism, strong overt control, an I and you difference in status and a complete absence of individual consideration were the epitome of nursing management (Marquis Huston 2000, Widerquist 2000). And this was also support ed by Widerquist (2000) statement that whilst Nightingale may be considered a Great Woman of the Victorian era, the undercurrents of her theories, ideologies and management style have had deleterious consequences for subsequent nursing practice and nursing management. Carney (1999) asserts that whilst evidence suggests that this approach is still employed in some health care settings, the autocratic leadership style should only be utilized in crisis situations. In Democratic style theory (Supportive or Participating), all aspects of the process of achieving a goal, from planning and goal setting to implementing and taking credit for the success of the project, are shared by the group (Catalano 2006). This allows members participation and control because of its freedom of expression altitude toward achievement of goals. Murphy (2005) stated that Democratic leadership is supportive of group interaction and decision-making. Staff is motivated by economic or ego awards and supported by direction and guidance. Laissez- Faire leadership Style is also describe as permissive, non directive, or passive. The laissez-faire style leader allows the group he or she is leading to determine their own goals and the methods to achieve them. There is little planning, minimal decision making, and a lack of involvement by the leader (catalano 2006). The laissez-faire leader observes followers working from a distance and does not tend to intercede unless necessitated (Mullins 1994). Because of the leader little control and authority which can lead to variable efficiency and quality of output it is not commonly used in healthcare setting. Marquis and Huston (2000) caution that if this style of leadership is used inappropriately, it can precipitate apathy and disinterest in staff and a frenetic department. Transformational theory recognizes that multiple intangibles exist whenever people interact. Factors such as sense of meaning, creativity, Inspiration, and vision all are involved in creating a sense of mission that exceeds good interpersonal relationships and reward. In many healthcare facilities, nursing leaders are expected to inspire excitement and commitment in nurses, who often must provide care to very ill clients in less than ideal circumstances (catalon 2006). Transformational leaders strive to elevate the needs of their followers which are congruent with their own goals and objectives through charisma, intellectual stimulation and individual consideration (Bass et al.1987a). Leadership orientation and Management theory In High Relationship- Low Task Orientation the leaders are usually well liked by the groups because of their acceptance of the group members as individuals, consideration of their feelings, encouragement, and promotion of good feelings among all the group members (catalano 2006). This relationship focuses more on the employee to elicit the high production ,and was supported by Human Interaction theory (management theory) in which management were required to develop a different set of management skills, including understanding human behavior, effective counseling , increase motivation using effective leadership skills and maintaining productive communication (catalano 2006). In Nursing, this relationship helps to get the best out of the health care team thereby increasing the quality of care giving to patients. These theories was also supported by the Michigan studies on the leadership behavior(Cole 1999) in which it reported that supervisors of high producing groups tended to be empl oyee-oriented and exercised employee participation in decision making, thereby promoting team development and cohesiveness. High Task-Low Relationship describe a leader who does all the planning with little regard to the input or feelings of the group, gives order and expect them to be carried out without questions (Catalano 2006). This can be related to Time-Motion Theory (management theory), define as planning, organizing, commanding, and controlling the work of any particular group of employee (Catalannn2006). This can create a non productive environment if use in the health care setting because of it decrease in employee satisfaction. The Michigan studies (Cole 1999) conclude that the supervisors of low producing groups were task oriented and consequently were referred to as production-oriented leaders. These leaders focused more on the tasks than on the employee needs and tended to strictly monitor and control performance. Leadership and Management Leadership orientation and theory are used interchangeably, since environments and situations are constantly changing in healthcare settings. Factors such as member skills, the circumstances or problem at hand, the work environment are put into considerations. Fiedler (1967) identified the leaders power; the leader-follower relationship and the task to be accomplished as the key variables which determine the particular leadership style required to militate various problems in diverse situations. Hence, the applicability of Fiedlers (1967) leadership theory to contemporary nursing management is conceivable, as various approaches can be employed interchangeably to manage diverse situations. For example the authoritarian leadership is mostly used in emergency situations in which saving a life and obtaining maximum health is the highest goals of any group. And this is supported by Carney (1999), who asserts that whilst evidence suggests that this approach (authoritarian theory) is still employed in some health care settings, the autocratic leadership style should only be utilized in crisis situations. Catalano (2006) stated that a nurse manager on a hospital unit may use a highly democratic style in most of the routine activities of the unit, but when a client goes into cardiac arrest, she may revert to a highly authoritarian style while directing the staff through a code. Also in quality management, where the problems are often long term and complicated, the leader tends to be a nurse who is well organized and methodically sift through a mountain of information and statistics to develop a policy that covers the widest range of possibilities. It can be argue that to be an effective manager, it is apparent to have the quality and highly develop skills of a good leadership, especially in healthcare to achieve optimum health and increase productivity. Whilst one does not have to be a leader to manage and a manager to lead, researchers in the 1960s began to recognize how these skills can be intertwined and employed synonymously to realize organizational goals (Marquis Huston 2000). It could also be argued that unless managers are cognisance and competent in strategic planning development, which implicates on clinical practice, their efforts may be circumvented by more senior levels. In addition, to affect successful change management in a constantly changing environment, the nurse manager must be appropriately prepared to lead and manage the complexities and contingencies of this process (Dutton et al. 1997). Management and leadership skills complement each other, it can be learned and require practice and experience.

Recruitment and Selection Methods in Tesco

Recruitment and Selection Methods in Tesco Introduction: Recruitment and Selection Process is one of the basic HR Processes. Recruitment and Selection is very sensitive as many managers have a need to hire a new employee and this process is always under a strict monitoring from their side. Recruitment and selection are two most important functions of personnel management. Recruitment process can be done in many ways like internal or external, and it involves with many steps of recruitment policies like job advert, job application process, Evaluations, job description and, legislations and training. The primary purpose of recruitment and selection is to achieve ones desire end, appointing the right person to the right job. Recruitment refers to the process of attracting, screening, and selecting qualified people for a job at an organization or firm. Selection refers to Selection is the process of choosing the most suitable candidates from those who apply for the job. It is a process of offering jobs to desired candidates. This report focuses on recruitment and selection of TESCO plc. The main objective of this report is to critically analyse the recruitment and selection method applied in relation to market environment 1.2 Tescos background: Business of the company Tesco sells daily necessary things like food and also non food items. It carries more than 23,000 items ranging from cloths, stationary, groceries, wine, entertainment digital appliances, finance insurance, books, patrol gas, pharmacy, phone broadband. History of the company Tesco was founded by Jack Cohen, who sold groceries in the markets of the London East End from 1919. The Tesco brand first appeared in 1924. After Jack Cohen bought a large shipment of tea from T.E. Stockwell, he made new labels by using the first three letters of the suppliers name and the first two letters of his surname forming the word TESCO. The Global Oneness Commitment (2009) Business growth of Tesco: The two diagrams shows the growth of Tesco in the last five years Performance over last 5 years ÂÂ   2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Sales 37,070 43,137 46,611 51,773 56,563 Sales in o/s stores 7,559 10,480 11,031 13,824 14,994 No. Of stores 2,365 2,711 3,263 3,989 4811 No. Of o/s stores 586 814 1,275 1,614 2,013 Floor space 51,771 58,720 68,189 75,959 83,459 Floor space-O/S stores 27,580 32,817 40,404 46,410 52,470 Growth rate of the performance ÂÂ   2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Sales 10.47% 16.37% 8.05% 11.07% 12.57% Sales in o/s stores 13.14% 38.64% 5.26% 25.32% 18.42% No. Of stores 2.03% 14.63% 20.36% 14.28% 16.38% No. Of o/s stores 32.88% 38.91% 56.63% 26.59% 36.59% Floor space 14.03% 13.42% 16.13% 11.39% 11.59% Floor space-O/S stores 24.73% 18.99% 23.12% 14.86% 21.66% Source: Tescos Annual report and financial statement 2008 The business locations of the of Tesco Tesco operates in 14 different markets/countries through 4,811 stores all around the world with 468,508 staff work there. In the UK it has 2,282 stores and 286,394stuff work there. The details of UK stores are as follows: Table 1 Tescos store size in UK. UK Extra (average size 71,310 sq feet) 190 (Regular) Tesco (average size 29,984 sq feet) 10 Metro (average size 11,638 sq feet) 181 Express(average size 2,211 sq feet) 1130 Home Plus (average size 40,800 sq feet) 13 One Stop (average size 1,357 sq feet) 513 Table 2: Tescos stores outside the UK are as follows: Country Stores 2 USA 115 3 Czech Republic 113 4 France 1 5 China 79 6 Hungary 7 Japan 144 8 Malaysia 36 9 Poland 319 10 Republic of Ireland 116 11 Slovakia 70 12 South Korea 347 13 Thailand 609 14 Turkey 99 1.3 Objectives 1. To critically evaluate the current recruitment and selection approaches of Tesco plc. 2. To critically examine an alternative recruitment route that other companies are applying. 3. To draw conclusions about the room for improvement in Tesco recruitment and selection approach. 2. Literature review: Recruitment can be defined as a set of activities and practices used for the primary purpose of legally identifying sufficient numbers and quality of people fitting for a given purpose. It is carried out to provide an organisation with a pool of qualified potential individuals from which judicious selection for the most appropriate applicants can be made for filling vacancies in the organisation. A review of the HRM literature indicates that recruitment and selection are regarded as integrated activities and where recruitment stops and selection begins is a questionable point (Beardwell et al., 2004). Nevertheless, for the purpose of this work it is useful to differentiate between the two activities. As defined above, numerous authors (Whitehill, 1991: Roberts, 2008; McCormack and Scholarios, 2009) describe recruitment as a process of building a pool of potentially qualified applicants. Whereas selection is seen as a set of activities concerned with predicting which applicants will make the most appropriate contribution to the organisation in view of the present and future human resource requirements (Beardwell et al., 2004: McCormack and Scholarios, 2009). The recruitment and selection process refers some critical points. These are its very sensible process to change the internal organization of the company and to change on the external job market The recruitment and selection process meet with the some criteria, these are Process should be easy to realize the target people and audience of the recruitment and selection process. This process is not for the HRM organizations staff/employee, This process created only for the organization/companys manager, Manager are the main client for the recruitment and selection process. Despite recruitment and selection being considered as integrated activities unfortunately human resources literature discussions tend to neglect recruitment and place greater emphasis on selection. In view of this (McCormack and Scholarios, 2009) comment that the more effective an organisation is at identifying and attracting a high quality profile of job applicants, the less important the selection stage of hiring becomes. Therefore it can be suggested that an effective and agile recruitment strategy is the most fundamental human resource function and if managed well can have a significant impact on organisational performance and is critical to developing a more agile competitive edge (Pilbeam and Corbridge, 2006: Evans et al, 2007). As the contemporary business environment become increasingly competitive and labour markets continue to grow more diverse, organisations need to be more proactive in their resourcing strategies. Evans et al., (2007) and Richardson, (2008) argue that ineffective recruitment approaches can result in long-term negative effects, among them high training and development costs in efforts to minimise the incidence of poor performance and high turnover which in turn, impact on staff morale, the provision of high quality goods and services and the retention of organisational memory. Richardson, (2008) goes further to argue that at worst, the organisation can fail to achieve its objectives thereby losing its competitive edge and market share. However, it is important to consider that the process of implementing an effective and successful recruitment approach could bring along with it other costs related to the perceptions and attitudes of the people involved in this change. 3.1 Research methodology: 3.1.1. Sources of Information Primary Data: The primary data was collected by questionnaire survey. I prepared a questionnaire and asked the related person to fill it up. Secondary Data: I did browse the companys website to gather information. I also used the internet service to send the questionnaire. This report is the result of the collaboration of the members in the group and both primary and secondary information have been used. 3.1.2. Research Approach The face to face survey of the HR Department of Tesco, Sainsbury etc helped me to collect the data. This survey research approach has helped me to get a better understanding of their situation and problems. A questionnaire was prepared with questions that helped on providing information about their selection and recruitment process. 3.1.3. Research Instrument 3.1.3.1. Questionnaire I prepared a questionnaire with set of 8-10 questions related to the topic and asked the HR Mangers and employees of Tesco Sainsbury etc. Close End and open end: The questionnaire contains the MCQ type questions and also there were some options to write freely. I also used the checklist method of questionnaire (Yes/No). 3.1.3.2. Mechanical Tools Instrument like paper and pen were used for the questionnaire and for noting down notes. Computer, pen-drive, and printer were used for typing and printing the report. Analysis and evaluation: Primary analysis: I have done my primary analysis on 50 Tesco employees using a survey questionnaire (see appendix). From my primary analysis i have found out 60% of the employees think internet and job centre are the medium of advertisement.30 % think internet and store advertisement are the best way of job advertisement. Only 10 % think newspaper and job centre are the most popular medium of advertisement. 80% of the employees are happy about Tesco recruitment and selection process. But 40% of the employees think Sainsburys recruitment and selection process are better than Tescos to some extent. Many of the employees opinion was Sainsburys uses smarter recruitment and selection process than to Tesco. Namely their situation based test, using of video to identify skills and the mathematical test for identify numeric skills. From the survey I have also found out most of the employees think Tesco should make applications form available both online and offline. Those who have access to the internet can apply online and for those who do not, can collect a form from Tescos customer services, complete it and send it off by post or hand it in personally to customer services. This in turn could be given to the department which consists of this job and then be examined. Also Tesco should place more interviewers so that more applicants can be interviewed and so shortlisted applicants can be dealt with in a shorter period of time. Tesco should assess applicants during the interview as it would save time as both can be dealt with straight away/ at the same time. Secondary analysis: I have done my secondary research by reading through books, websites, magazines and newspaper. The findings are discussed below. Recruitment involves attracting the right standard of applicants to apply for vacancies. Tesco advertises jobs in different ways. The process varies depending on the job available. Tesco first looks at its internal Talent Plan to fill a vacancy. This is a process that lists current employees looking for a move, either at the same level or on promotion. If there are no suitable people in this Talent Plan or developing on the internal management development programme, Options, Tesco advertises the post internally on its intranet for two weeks. For external recruitment, Tesco advertises vacancies via the Tesco website www.tesco-careers.com or through vacancy boards in stores. Applications are made online for managerial positions. The chosen applicants have an interview followed by attendance at an assessment centre for the final stage of the selection process. Selection involves choosing the most suitable people from those that apply for a vacancy, whilst keeping to employment laws and regulations. Screening candidates is a very important part of the selection process. This ensures that those selected for interview have the best fit with the job requirements. In the first stages of screening, Tesco selectors will look carefully at each applicants curriculum vitae (CV). The CV summarises the candidates education and job history to date. A well-written and positive CV helps Tesco to assess whether an applicant matches the person specification for the job. The company also provides a job type match tool on its careers web page. People interested in working for Tesco can see where they might fit in before applying. The process Tesco uses to select external management candidates has several stages. A candidate who passes screening attends an assessment centre. The assessment centres take place in store and are run by managers. They help to provide consistency in the selection process. Applicants are given various exercises, including team-working activities or problemsolving exercises. These involve examples of problems they might have to deal with at work. On the other hand, Sainsbury has a bit different recruitment and selection process. After succeeding on online test Sainsbury takes first interview. Here HR manager call the candidates into a room individually to answer a few questions. These are just to make sure that whether the candidates have their passport, are the correct age for the job (as stipulated when they applied) and are being interviewed for the job they actually applied for apparently HR have a habit of messing that bit up. After this, all the interviewees will be sat in a room for the second recruitment test. The second test is split into four sections and given using a video. It usually takes around one hour to complete, and is quite simple. The first sectionÂÂ  is on customer service and is very similar to the other test that the candidates sat online. Again, they are given a situation that is in video format and are asked to identify the best and worst responses out of a selection of four. The second sectio nÂÂ  is on attention to detail. Candidates will be shown video clips, and will be asked to identify two things wrong with these video clips. The third sectionÂÂ  is on mathematics. The final sectionÂÂ  is all about candidates. It is the only part of the test not done by video, and comprises a series of statements with which candidates have to agree or disagree. Finally, 2nd interview comes up where candidates have to sit for face to face interview. Finally I can say that from the research it is clear that in some of cases Sainsbury has better system in recruitment and selection process. Tesco need to apply those systems in compare to other relative supermarket. If they put proper recruitment and selection technique then it will be easier than before. They can apply some techniques like video clips, mathematical terms etc. It will help Tesco to improve their recruitment process. Conclusion: Tesco PLC has an effective Recruitment and Selection however there are advantages and disadvantages which need to be considered. Advertising jobs online has its advantages as its cheaper than having it printed in newspapers for example and can be changed if required. However there are a few disadvantages. Some people may not have access to the Internet making it difficult to view the advertisement for the particular job. Some may have problems in using the Internet or not know how to use it and some may not have a computer in which case they would not even be able to access the Internet.. Tesco should make sure they know what is required of the job before shortlisting is taken place as applicant who may have the requirements may not be part of the applicants who are shortlisted or the opposite. Tesco should place more interviewers so that more applicants can be interviewed and so shortlisted applicants can be dealt with in a shorter period of time. Tesco should assess applicants duri ng the interview as it would save time as both can be dealt with straight away/ at the same time. Thus meaning Tesco should carry. References and bibliography: 1.Richardson, A. M, (2009) Recruitment Strategies: Managing/effecting the recruitment process [Online] available from http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/UN/UNPAN021814.pdf [Accessed 4-0ct- 2010] 2. McCormack, A. and Scholarios, D. (2009) Recruitment, chapter 3 in Redman, T and Wilkinson, A, (2009) Contemporary Human Resource Management 3rd Edition, London: Financial Times Prentice Hall 3. UCL, (2008) Human resources-Recruitment and selection policy [Online] Available from http://www.ucl.ac.uk/hr/docs/recruitment.php [Accessed 22 Oct- 2010] 4. Pilbeam, S. and M. Corbridge (2006) People Resourcing. Contemporary HRM in Practice, London: Prentice Hall. Volume 17(4), pp.567-582. 5. TESCO-CARRERS, (2009)The application process-Tesco careers [Online] available from : http://www.tesco-careers.com/home/recruitment [Accessed 25-Oct- 2010] 6. SAINSBURYS, (2010) Careers at Sainsbury.[Online] available from http://www2.sainsburys.co.uk/aboutus/recruitment/careers_new.htm[Accessed 25-Oct- 2010]. 7. COURSEWORK, (2010) Tesco PLC has an effective Recruitment and Selection however the are advantages and disadvantages which need to be considered. .[Online] available from http://www.coursework.info/AS_and_A_Level/Media_Studies/Internet/Tesco_PLC_has_an_effective_Recruitment_a_L126195.html[Accessed 30-Oct- 2010] 8. Iles, P.A. and Robertson, I.T. (1997), The impact of personnel selection procedures on candidates, in Anderson, N. and Herriot, P. (Eds), International Handbook of Selection and Assessment, Wiley, Chichester, pp. 543-66 9. Anderson, N., Born, M. and Cunningham-Snell, N. (2001a), Recruitment and selection: applicant perspectives and outcomes, in Anderson, N., Ones, D., Sinangil, H.K. and Viswesvaran, C. (Eds), Handbook of Industrial, Work and Organizational Psychology, Vol. 1, Sage, London and New York, NY, pp. 200-18 10. Beardwell, I. Holden,L. and Claydon (2004) Human resource management; A contemporary approach. 4th Edition. Harlow: Pearson Education 11. Gililand,S.W.(1993) The perceived fairness of selection system: an organisational justice perspective, Academy of management review, 18: 694-734.

Outlaw by Scott McGough :: essays research papers

Outlaw, by Scott McGough tells 2 people’s stories and their adventures through the plane of Kamigawa and how they are tied with the war against the kami (spirits). Toshiro Umezama, a rogue mage-ochimusha (dishonored warrior), has been traveling with his fellow oath-brother Kobo, an ogre, through the forest, when they accidentally found themselves in a party of kistune (foxfolk) and humans. Michiko Konda, daughter of the daimyo (powerful feudal lord), left the walls of her kingdom and traveled to a great library in the wizard school, Minamo. When she was separated from her friends, she found herself lead by a foxfire to a kistune city where her sensei, Pearl-Ear was visiting. Sharp-Ear, Pearl-Ear’s brother, Pearl-Ear, 3 kistune samurai, Michiko, and her 2 friends traveled into the forest to search for the secluded orochi (snakefolk), known for their distrust of anything of the outside world.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When Toshi and Kobo ran into Michiko’s party, they talked for a short while, and they were attacked by the orochi. The parties fought well, but were defeated and captured. Toshi escaped and found Kobo dead tied to a tree. He rescues Michiko and flies away on a battle moth. West of the forest in a cave, Toshi holds Michiko for ransom, but he is met by the little Mochi, the Kami of the Cresent Moon. He showed the two the reason for the kami war: Daimyo Konda took a powerful kami from the spirit world and used Michiko’s birth to power the ritual to bring it into the material world. When the two learned this, Toshi decided to be employed to Michiko and promise to help her (with correct pay of course). The rest of Michiko’s party escaped the orochi territory, and tracked the ochimusha to the cave and were followed by the snakes. While the kistune were trying to get Toshi out, Mochi brought out the patron spirit of darkness: Myojin of Night’s Reach to get Toshi to accept its blessings. As he did, he went out of the cave, killed the snakes and their patron spirit, Myojin of Life’s Web, on his own, with the help of the blessing of the patron of darkness. Outlaw by Scott McGough :: essays research papers Outlaw, by Scott McGough tells 2 people’s stories and their adventures through the plane of Kamigawa and how they are tied with the war against the kami (spirits). Toshiro Umezama, a rogue mage-ochimusha (dishonored warrior), has been traveling with his fellow oath-brother Kobo, an ogre, through the forest, when they accidentally found themselves in a party of kistune (foxfolk) and humans. Michiko Konda, daughter of the daimyo (powerful feudal lord), left the walls of her kingdom and traveled to a great library in the wizard school, Minamo. When she was separated from her friends, she found herself lead by a foxfire to a kistune city where her sensei, Pearl-Ear was visiting. Sharp-Ear, Pearl-Ear’s brother, Pearl-Ear, 3 kistune samurai, Michiko, and her 2 friends traveled into the forest to search for the secluded orochi (snakefolk), known for their distrust of anything of the outside world.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When Toshi and Kobo ran into Michiko’s party, they talked for a short while, and they were attacked by the orochi. The parties fought well, but were defeated and captured. Toshi escaped and found Kobo dead tied to a tree. He rescues Michiko and flies away on a battle moth. West of the forest in a cave, Toshi holds Michiko for ransom, but he is met by the little Mochi, the Kami of the Cresent Moon. He showed the two the reason for the kami war: Daimyo Konda took a powerful kami from the spirit world and used Michiko’s birth to power the ritual to bring it into the material world. When the two learned this, Toshi decided to be employed to Michiko and promise to help her (with correct pay of course). The rest of Michiko’s party escaped the orochi territory, and tracked the ochimusha to the cave and were followed by the snakes. While the kistune were trying to get Toshi out, Mochi brought out the patron spirit of darkness: Myojin of Night’s Reach to get Toshi to accept its blessings. As he did, he went out of the cave, killed the snakes and their patron spirit, Myojin of Life’s Web, on his own, with the help of the blessing of the patron of darkness.

Malcolm X vs. Dr. King: Passive vs; Aggressive Essay -- essays researc

Africans were brought to America by Europeans, not of their own volition, but in chains, without the knowledge that over the next several hundred years, generations and generations of our people would be brutally and unjustly treated as nothing more than property or animals. The era during which slavery flourished, Africans were bred, overworked, beaten, lynched, and stripped of any positive identity or self respect. When slavery was abolished in 1865, Africans, or former slaves, were left without a â€Å"place† in America. Where did they fit in? What was the role that they were to play as, so called, American citizens? Some, undertook the role of â€Å"leader†, and preached and taught what they felt was the best process by which, blacks could achieve equality. From the beginning, however, there were conflicts concerning the nature of how this was to be accomplished. This discrepancy over passive and aggressive attitude concerning the advancement of blacks in America h as permeated, and at times, divided the black community from the time that Africans were brought here in chains, until the present. Malcolm X’s philosophies, which centered more on blacks accepting themselves, and loving themselves, and creating their own sense of pride, was deemed racist by the media and he was portrayed as militant/violent by the Civil Rights Activists, when in fact Malcolm X’s teachings contain the exact remedy that we â€Å"victims of America† (Malcolm X uses this term to distinguish the fact that blacks were not brought to America out of their own volition) need in order to live the best lives in the conditions that we have been forced into by whites.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Booker T. Washington, born in 1856, was a prominent leader of the black community during the years following the abolishment of slavery, who believed that equality and respect for blacks would be gained over time. Washington preached to his followers that they should work on bettering themselves, not through liberal education, but by learning a trade or vocation which could be of service to either the black or white community, and that in time, whites would allow blacks to assimilate into their society. William Edward Burghardt Dubois, born in 1868 and more commonly known as W. E. B Dubois, was Washington’s adversary. Dubois preached that blacks should demand their rights, both human and civil, and that this w... ...proach of the Civil Rights Movement, led by Dr. King and financed by whites, would lead to the loss of black pride because it would encourage blacks to â€Å"try to be white† in order to â€Å"fit in† the white society. Today, blacks have the same legal rights as whites, but there is still blatant racism in America. Blacks have integrated into the white society, and the loss that Malcolm feared has become a reality. We straighten our hair in order to make it look like theirs, wear their clothes, and learn a school curriculum that centers around their history. There are more black men in prison than in college, and the percentage of black owned businesses is considerably disproportionate to the black population. The Civil Rights Movement was successful, and the Black Power Movement has been forgotten, but have blacks found their â€Å"place†? SOURCES: Haley, Alex; The Autobiography of Malcolm X; Ballantine Publishing Group; 1964 Malcolm X; â€Å"Message to the Grass Roots,† speech, Nov. 1963, Detroit (Published in Malcolm X Speaks, ch. 1, 1965) Malcolm X; speech, Dec 12, 1964, New York, NY Marable, Manning; â€Å"By Any Means Necessary: The Life and Legacy of Malcolm X†, speech; New York, NY

Privacy And Security Concerns Regarding Health Information Essay

Case 4.8 – E-mail Goes Astray Primarily, the technician is the one responsible for the breach in confidentiality because he was the one who sent out the e-mails. Moreover, he did not seek instructions from Kaiser Permanente regarding the backlogged e-mails. Kaiser Permanente hired the technician to upgrade their system. Therefore, tasks other than doing upgrades should be consulted to the company. The technician should have asked whether the accumulated e-mails in the system should be sent out, and he should have asked what to do with them. However, Kaiser Permanente is partly responsible for the breach, because first and foremost, since they hold millions of private information, they should have made sure that that information would not be compromised. They should have made their system secure and only accessible to Kaiser Permanente personnel. Yes, situations like this discourage subscribers in using the system of Kaiser Permanente. However, the services that Kaiser Permanente offer is of great value and subscribers will not easily discontinue their subscription. But Kaiser Permanente has to ensure their subscribers that this will not happen in the future by informing them what caused the breach and reassuring them that upgrades are being done to improve the security of the system and the privacy of their information. The most important thing to do here is to be honest and at the same time make great efforts to secure the system of the company. Case 4.17 – Patient’s Files Used for Obscene Calls Definitely, background checks should be conducted before hiring new employees because this would ensure the safety of the clients, especially in the health care industry. Employers should be granted access to criminal records for them to be able to identify the extent of the crime that ex-convicts have committed. Cases such as child rape and indecent assault is a serious crime that should not be disregarded when hiring employees, especially when the job requires dealing with other people, children, etc. such as in the health care institution. Former employees who are given access to system information that are confidential, such as passwords, etc. should be screened out from the system. In other words, once an employee is not connected with the institution anymore, his access to the system should be deleted or reset. In this case, the system of the health care institution is at fault because it failed to keep the information confidential and secure. In this case, the hospital is accountable for the actions of the technician. Primarily because they hired an employee without doing background checks, they do not monitor the system, wherein they could have detected that calls were being made and the information of the clients were being accessed, and the system is not 100 % secure. Case 4.44 – University Tightens Computer Security Because of the wide range of subscribers in university medical centers information systems, it becomes vulnerable to hackers. In this case, they hacked into the system and used it to send hundreds of advertisements in their e-mails. The hackers wanted to target the significant number of subscribers in the system. However, the information within the system is not precisely the target of the breach. It is not entirely the medical center’s fault. This is because hackers do what they do. They find ways to get into the system even if security measures were set-up to avoid breaching the security of an information system. Therefore, even if the system is secure, hackers will really find a way to get into the system. The medical center’s fault was that they were not able to detect that the system was being hacked. They should have upgrades in the system, which will be used in monitoring the system and alarming when hackers breach the system.

Beginners Guide to Essay Writing

As mevery of my fellow batch couplet atomic number 18 facing the savers block in completing leaven I decided to write this legislate to help them, so that they gutter get to stovepipe implement the last hardly a(prenominal) days they require with their family members (current and would-be). DISCLAIMER set-back and the most important affaire. This is non for those apparitional souls who want to feeling that legendary hurrying word limit. pick up to be excellent and be content with 80%. Its not that bad a enactment you see. This is also not for those who think its their god-assigned duty to experience if what you are tell is what was asked.So if you are iodine of these, the best action you can take instanter with respect to this document is click the small X only whenton in the top out right corner of this document. This is for those poor ill-omened souls kindred me who want to take the bleak minimum effort to achieve what is necessary, a skill that I le arnt in my engine room days and improved upon in my measure spent in IT industry. So present are my tips for nailing the Essay. Some tips are really ordinary which forget add a word or two per wasting disease. They are to be recitationd to take a crap c everywhereing touches to your reply when you emergency those 20-30 linguistic process to pass water the world limit.Others are more generic. design them to build the core of your reaction. 1. Acronyms are poisonous and making use of them is a cardinal number sin and you definitely do not want to start your journey in the world of management by committing one. So avoid them. Ex. Instead of IIM Indore write Indian Institute of Management, Indore. For some acronyms you can coer and then put the acronyms in the brackets to give yourself an pleonastic word. 2. single-valued function the qualities of the language to your advantage. The actor why they made English perk up a plethora of words which call back exactly th e same damn thing was because they had a premonition slightly Essay. bear generous, copious, lavish and abundant use of adjectives. In shopping mall of any adjective use two of three adjectives which are akin(predicate) in meaning. Make use of the synonyms functionality that intelligence activity provides. For example instead of just authorship crucial project write multiplex and crucial project. 3. Always use a group of words in place of one word. For example instead of mingled use a number of 4. If practic competent retell a large dissever of the interrogative mood in your settlement. This is a whoremaster which has always fiddleed right from class I.I still remember apparent movement homogeneous What was the name of the get-go PM of India and the answer used to be The name of the first PM of India is claptrap blah blah This is very easy for questions like 8 and 9. 5. Whenever possible make generous use of summonss. Those great people did not babble out such kn owledgeable words for no reason. Follow it with your amazing explanation of the quote to make the reader understand the quote properly, which even oppositewise he would cod understood, making it as long as possible. 6. Quote dictionary definition of words where possible. both you need is a Google depend and it makes you sound a very meddling soulfulness in no time. This is peculiarly applicable for questions 4 and 11. Follow it with your placement or disagreement of the definition and your abstract thought behind it. 7. Make generous use of subheading. Not only go away it face us as an organized person but also give you those extra 10 to 20 words without hard your brain. You can make use of this in questions which is divided into sub questions like questions 1, 2 and 3. 8. Do not use and so forth un slight you know quoted at least quintette examples.If you think for a few moments you impart get examples which sound different but are essentially the same like bus conduc tor swindle his passengers, fix cheating his patients, shop detainmenter cheating his customers etc. Change the subject and the object, keep the verb same and you volition entertain legion(predicate) example in no time. 9. If the question asks to quote 2 incidents more often than not you will be able to think of only 1 approximate or good enough incident. No question asks you to give equal grandeur to both the incidents. So write about that one ncident as much as possible. The more you write on it, the less you will have to think for the other one. 10. Stretch the meaning of the word notice to its limits. When they say describe, you DESCRIBE. No detail is surplus and no information trivial unless you have crossed the word limit. 11. Anyone from IT industry will know the importance of reuse of work already done by you or someone else does, even if that reuse meant retroflex paste and portraying it as fresh effort and billing the client for the same. Use that approach in y our answers.For example answer question 9 properly and you do not need to answer question 15 again. All you will need is a trimming of 50 words. 12. I have skipped question 13 as I had no intention of creating an complex number situation in my pretty figure and straight forward life of 24 years which would have asked me to act in a non-traditional way. In case you sprightliness you can do it, then you are most welcome. 13. When the whole world is for sexuality comparison we as future managers should not lag behind. Bring gender equality in your answers.When you are referring to a three person use him or her, he or she instead of just him and he. 14. If you were not a part of any brotherly or cultural organization then you cannot skip question 14. Some superior has already posted as to how you can write about the clubs you were part of in the college. And there is no shortage of clubs and committees in any college. Cultural club, movie club, play club, Soccer club. You name it and you will have it. Take one club and write about it as much as possible. If you have not reached the WL take one more.Continue till you reach the WL. 15. Try to think how you can lengthen your sentences without significantly altering the meaning. For example a radiation pattern guy or girl will write Prefer hands-off vowelize in your answer. You should not gleam prey to such highly disconfirming practices. They are for normal people. You should write In writing a response to any question the consistent usage of passive voice is to be preferred over that of active voice. Doing this consistently over a long paragraph will almost double your word count.16. All the thoughts that have crossed your mind mend answering NPAD should go into the initial answer of question 5. If you can manage caustic remark well then they should go into the latter(prenominal) part. 17. If in the highly improbable scenario that you have already written the answer and cannot touch the word limit, revise the answer by considering each tip from this point by point. Its a tried and tried and true approach and one which definitely works. PS. Whether you find the tone of the tips comical or drab will depend on how legion(predicate) questions are yet to be answered by you and how desperate you feel to answer them.